We construct geometrically the generating fields of a W algebra which acts irreducibly on the direct sum of the cohomology rings of the Hilbert schemes of n points on a projective surface for all n. We compute explicitly the commutators among a set of linear basis elements of the W algebra, and identify this algebra with a $W_{1+\infty}$-type algebra. A precise formula of certain Chern character operators, which is essential for the construction of the W algebra, is established in terms of the Heisenberg algebra generators. In addition, these Chern character operators are proved to be the zero-modes of vertex operators.
In this paper we review various strikingly parallel algebraic structures behind Hilbert schemes of points on surfaces and certain finite groups called the wreath products. We explain connections among Hilbert schemes, wreath products, infinite-dimensional Lie algebras, and vertex algebras. As an application we further describe the cohomology ring structure of the Hilbert schemes. We organize this exposition around several general principles which have been supported by various works on these subjects.
Various equivariant intersection numbers on Hilbert schemes of points on the affine plane are computed, some of which are organized into tau-functions of 2-Toda hierarchies. A correspondence between the equivariant intersection on Hilbert schemes and stationary Gromov-Witten theory is established.
The quadratic algebras Q_n are associated with pseudo-roots of noncommutative polynomials. We compute the Hilbert series of the algebras Q_n and of the dual quadratic algebras Q_n^!
In this paper, we show the full flag Hilbert scheme of points of nodal curves has only complete intersection singularities. We study the Hilbert scheme of points of the cusp curve and show the punctual Hilbert scheme is isomorphic to \mathbb{P}^1. Furthermore Hilbert scheme has only one singularty along the punctual one.
The methods of integral operators on the cohomology of Hilbert schemes of points on surfaces are developed. They are used to establish integral bases for the cohomology groups of Hilbert schemes of points on a class of surfaces (and conjecturally, for all simply connected surfaces).
Using vertex algebra techniques, we determine a set of generators for the cohomology ring of the Hilbert schemes of points on an arbitrary smooth projective surface over the field of complex numbers.
We investigate the geography of Hilbert schemes parametrizing closed subschemes of projective space with specified Hilbert polynomials. We classify Hilbert schemes with unique Borel-fixed points via combinatorial expressions for their Hilbert polynomials. These expressions naturally lead to an arrangement of nonempty Hilbert schemes as the vertices of an infinite full binary tree. Here we discover regularities in the geometry of Hilbert schemes. Specifically, under natural probability distributions on the tree, we prove that Hilbert schemes are irreducible and nonsingular with probability grea…
We study completely the Hilbert scheme and punctual Hilbert scheme of a nodal curve, and the relative Hilbert scheme of a family of curves acquiring a node. The results are then extended, less completely, to flag Hilbert schemes, parametrizing chains of subschemes. We find, notably, that if the total space $X$ of a family $X/B$ is smooth (over an algebraically closed field $\k$), then the relative Hilbert scheme $Hilb_m(X/B)$ is smooth over $\k$ and the flag Hilbert schemes are normal and locally complete intersection, but generally singular.
We show that the Hilbert functor of points on an arbitrary separated algebraic stack is an algebraic space. We also show the algebraicity of the Hilbert stack of points on an algebraic stack and the algebraicity of the Weil restriction of an algebraic stack along a finite flat morphism. For the latter two results, no separation assumptions are necessary.
We call the scheme parameterizing homogeneous ideals with fixed initial ideal the Gröbner scheme. We introduce a Białynicki-Birula decomposition of the Hilbert scheme $\mathrm{Hilb}^{P}_n$ for any Hilbert polynomial $P$ such that the cells are the Gröbner schemes in set-theoretically. Then we obtain a computable homology formula for smooth Hilbert schemes. As a corollary of our argument, we show that the Gröbner scheme for a monomial ideal defining a smooth point in the Hilbert scheme is smooth.
In this paper we construct $G$-Hilbert schemes for finite group schemes $G$. We find a construction of $G$-Hilbert schemes as relative $G$-Hilbert schemes over the quotient that does not need the Hilbert scheme of $n$ points, works under more natural assumptions and gives additional information about the morphism from the $G$-Hilbert scheme to the quotient.
An open question is whether the Hilbert scheme of points of a high dimensional affine space satisfies Murphy's Law, as formulated by Vakil. In this short note, we instead consider the loci in the Hilbert scheme parametrizing punctual schemes with a given Hilbert function, and we show that these loci satisfy Murphy's Law. We also prove a related result for equivariant deformations of curve singularities with $\mathbb G_m$-action.
We introduce the multigraded Hilbert scheme, which parametrizes all homogeneous ideals with fixed Hilbert function in a polynomial ring that is graded by any abelian group. Our construction is widely applicable, it provides explicit equations, and it allows us to prove a range of new results, including Bayer's conjecture on equations defining Grothendieck's classical Hilbert scheme and the construction of a Chow morphism for toric Hilbert schemes.
We discuss the parabolic Hilbert scheme of points on smooth surface, which is an interesting generalization of Hilbert scheme of points on surface. Some of the studies by Ellingsrud-Stromme, Goettsche, Cheah, Nakajima and Grojnowski can be generalized in our parabolic case.
Using the theory infinity-categories we construct derived (dg-)categories of regular, holonomic D-modules and algebraically constructible sheaves on a complex smooth algebraic stack. We construct a natural infinity-categorical equivalence between these two categories generalising the classical Riemann-Hilbert correspondence.
We classify minimal-degree curves in the Hilbert schemes of points on algebraic surfaces. When the algebraic surface is the projective plane, the nef cone and a flip structure of these Hilbert schemes are determined.
We determine the invariant Hilbert scheme of the zero fibre of the moment map of an action of Sl_2 on (C^2)^6 as one of the first examples of invariant Hilbert schemes with multiplicities. While doing this, we present a general procedure how to realise the calculation of invariant Hilbert schemes, which have been introduced by Alexeev and Brion. We also consider questions of smoothness and connectedness and thereby show that our Hilbert scheme gives a resolution of singularities of the symplectic reduction of the action.
We provide a criterion for when Hilbert schemes of points on K3 surfaces are birational. In particular, this allows us to generate a plethora of examples of non-birational Hilbert schemes which are derived equivalent.
For a finitely generated associative algebra $\cA$ over a commutative ring $k$ we construct the Hilbert scheme ${\bf H}^{[n]}_{\cA}$ which parametrizes left ideals in $\cA$ of codimension $n.$
We show that when $d \geq 3$, the Hilbert scheme $Hilb_{dT+1-\binom{d-1}{2}}(G(k,n))$ has 2 components, even though elements in both components have the same cohomology class. Moreover, we show that the Hilbert scheme associated to the Hilbert polynomial $\binom{T+n}{n}-\binom{T+n-d}{n}$ in Grassmannian has at most 2 connected components.
Pfister and Steenbrink studied punctual Hilbert schemes for irreducible curve singularities. In particular, they investigated the structure of special punctual Hilbert schemes for certain monomial curve singularities. In this paper, we study the punctual Hilbert schemes of all degrees for the curve singularities of types $E_6$ and $E_8$. For our analysis, we introduce computational algorithms to decompose a punctual Hilbert schemes into affine cells. We also use the theory of Gröbner basis and known results about the compactified Jacobian of singular curves to prove our main theorems.
We give a short, elementary and explicit proof of the existence of Hilbert schemes of points on affine schemes. As a direct consequence we obtain the existence of the Hilbert scheme of points on any projective scheme, not necessarily of finite type, over any base scheme.
In this paper, we describe the worst unstable points of a Hilbert scheme for some special Hilbert polynomials and ambient spaces using Murai's work on Gotzmann monomial sets. We investigate the geometry of the projective schemes represented by worst unstable Hilbert points and see that in certain cases that they fail to be $K$-stable or attain maximal regularity.
We characterize Hilbert polynomials that give rise to Hilbert schemes with two Borel-fixed points and determine when the associated Hilbert schemes or their irreducible components are smooth. In particular, we show that the Hilbert scheme is reduced and has at most two irreducible components. By describing the singularities in a neighbourhood of the Borel-fixed points, we prove that the irreducible components are Cohen-Macaulay and normal. We end by giving many examples of Hilbert schemes with three Borel-fixed points.
We discuss two conjectures by Francesco Severi and Joe Harris about the irreducibility and the dimension of the Hilbert scheme parameterizing smooth projective curves of given degree and genus.
Let $k$ be an algebraically closed field of characteristic $p > 3$. Let $X$ be an irreducible smooth projective surface over $k$. Fix an integer $n \geq 1$ and let ${\mathcal{H}{\it ilb}}_X^n$ be the Hilbert scheme parameterizing effective $0$-cycles of length $n$ on $X$. The aim of the present article is to find the $S$-fundamental group scheme and Nori's fundamental group scheme of the Hilbert scheme $\mathcal{H}{\it ilb}_X^n$.
By using vector field techniques, we compute the ordinary and equivariant cohomology rings of Hilbert scheme of points in the projective plane in relation with that of a Grassmann variety.
Using obstruction bundles, composition law and the localization formula, we compute certain 3-point genus-0 Gromov-Witten invariants of the Hilbert scheme of 3-points on the complex projective plane. Our results partially verify Ruan's conjecture about quantum corrections for this Hilbert scheme.
We review the present state of the problem, for each degree $d$ and genus $g$, is the Hilbert scheme of locally Cohen--Macaulay curves in ${\mathbb P}^3$ connected?
We study the decompositions of Hilbert schemes induced by the Schubert cell decomposition of the Grassmannian variety and show that Hilbert schemes admit a stratification into locally closed subschemes along which the generic initial ideals remain the same. We give two applications: First, we give a completely geometric proofs of the existence of the generic initial ideals and of their Borel fixed properties. Secondly, we prove that when a Hilbert scheme of nonconstant Hilbert polynomial is embedded by the Grothendieck-Plücker embedding of a high enough degree, it must be degenerate.
We describe explicitly how certain standard opens of the Hilbert scheme of points are embedded into Grassmannians. The standard opens of the Hilbert scheme that we consider are given as the intersection of a corresponding basic open affine of the Grassmannian and a closed stratum determined by a Fitting ideal.
We give an explicit stratification of the punctual Hilbert schemes of $n$ points of $\mathbb{A}^{m+1}$ with respect to $m$-dimensional partitions in the Grothendieck group of varieties. As an application, we calculate the classes of the punctual Hilbert schemes of $n$ points of $\mathbb{A}^3$ and the classes of the Hilbert schemes of $n$ points of $\mathbb{A}^3$ in the Grothendieck of varieties for $n\leq 5$.
We prove the conjecture of Marian-Oprea-Pandharipande on the Segre series associated to a rank zero class. Hence the rank zero Segre integrals on the Hilbert schemes of points for all surfaces are determined.
We study a natural Hodge module on the Hilbert scheme of four points on affine three-space, which categorifies the Donaldson--Thomas invariant of the Hilbert scheme. We determine the weight filtration on the Hodge module explicitly in terms of intersection cohomology complexes, and compute the E-polynomial of its cohomology. The computations make essential use of a description of the singularity of the Hilbert scheme as the degeneracy locus of the Pfaffian function.
The toric Hilbert scheme is a parameter space for all ideals with the same multi-graded Hilbert function as a given toric ideal. Unlike the classical Hilbert scheme, it is unknown whether toric Hilbert schemes are connected. We construct a graph on all the monomial ideals on the scheme, called the flip graph, and prove that the toric Hilbert scheme is connected if and only if the flip graph is connected. These graphs are used to exhibit curves in P^4 whose associated toric Hilbert schemes have arbitrary dimension. We show that the flip graph maps into the Baues graph of all triangulations of t…
We prove the standard conjectures for complex projective varieties that are deformations of the Hilbert scheme of points on a K3 surface. The proof involves Verbitsky's theory of hyperholomorphic sheaves and a study of the cohomology algebra of Hilbert schemes of K3 surfaces.
We give a linear algebraic and a monadic descriptions of the Hilbert scheme of points on the affine space of dimension $n$ which naturally extends Nakajima's representation of the Hilbert scheme of points on the plane. As an application of our ideas and recent results from the literature on commuting matrices, we show that the Hilbert scheme of $c$ points on $(\C^3)$ is irreducible for $c\le 10$.
We find certain relations between flag Hilbert schemes of points on plane curves and moduli spaces of one-dimensional plane sheaves. We show that some of these moduli spaces are unirational.
The toric Hilbert scheme of a lattice L in Z^n is the multigraded Hilbert scheme parameterizing all ideals in k[x_1,...,x_n] with Hilbert function value one for every degree in the grading monoid N^n/L. In this paper we show that if L is two-dimensional, then the toric Hilbert scheme of L is smooth and irreducible. This result is false for lattices of dimension three and higher as the toric Hilbert scheme of a rank three lattice can be reducible.
Let k be an algebraically closed field of characteristic 0. The question of irreducibility of the punctual Hilbert scheme Hilb_d P^n and its Gorenstein locus for various d was studied in [CEVV8, CN9, CN10, CN11]. In this short paper we prove that the subschemes corresponding to the Gorenstein algebras having Hilbert function (1,5,5,1) are smoothable i.e. lie in the closure of the locus of smooth subschemes. Among the Gorenstein algebras of length 12 the smoothability of algebras having such Hilbert function seems to be the most inapproachable using non-direct tools e.g. structural theorems.
We compute the dimension of the Hilbert scheme of subvarieties of positive dimension in projective space which are cut by maximal minors of a matrix with polynomial entries.
We use semi-orthogonal decompositions to construct autoequivalences of Hilbert schemes of points on Enriques surfaces and of Calabi-Yau varieties which cover them. While doing this, we show that the derived category of a surface whose irregularity and geometric genus vanish embeds into the derived category of its Hilbert scheme of points.
Closed subschemes in projective space with a fixed Hilbert polynomial are parametrized by a Hilbert scheme. We classify the smooth ones. We identify numerical conditions on a polynomial that completely determine when the Hilbert scheme is smooth. We also reinterpret these smooth Hilbert schemes as generalized partial flag varieties and describe the subschemes being parametrized.
The T-graph of a multigraded Hilbert scheme records the zero and one-dimensional orbits of the T = (K^*)^n action on the Hilbert scheme induced from the T-action on A^n. It has vertices the T-fixed points, and edges the one-dimensional T-orbits. We give a combinatorial necessary condition for the existence of an edge between two vertices in this graph. For the Hilbert scheme of points in the plane, we give an explicit combinatorial description of the equations defining the scheme parameterizing all one-dimensional torus orbits whose closures contain two given monomial ideals. For this Hilbert …
We study the Hilbert scheme of twisted cubics in the three-dimensional projective space by using Bridgeland stability conditions. We use wall-crossing techniques to describe its geometric structure and singularities, which reproves the classical result of Piene and Schlessinger.
We study the Hilbert scheme of Palatini threefolds X in P^5. We prove that such a scheme has an irreducible component containing X which is birational to the Grassmannian G(3,14) and we determine the exceptional locus of the birational map.
We extend the usual Hilbert property for varieties over fields to arithmetic schemes over integral domains by demanding the set of near-integral points (as defined by Vojta) to be non-thin. We then generalize results of Bary-Soroker-Fehm-Petersen and Corvaja-Zannier by proving several structure results related to products and finite étale covers of arithmetic schemes with the Hilbert property.
The cohomology of the Hilbert schemes of points on smooth projective surfaces can be approached both with vertex algebra tools and equivariant tools. Using the first tool, we study the existence and the structure of universal formulas for the Chern classes of the tangent bundle over the Hilbert scheme of points on a projective surface. The second tool leads then to nice generating formulas in the particular case of the Hilbert scheme of points on the affine plane.
We prove that the Hilbert scheme of 11 points on a smooth threefold is irreducible. In the course of the proof, we present several known and new techniques for producing curves on the Hilbert scheme.
We determine the automorphism group of the Hilbert scheme of two points on a generic projective K3 surface of any polarization. We obtain in particular new examples of Hilbert schemes of points having non-natural non-symplectic automorphisms. The existence of these automorphisms depends on solutions of Pell's equation.
