We study the syzygies of a codimension two ideal I = <f_1,f_2,f_3> in k[x,y,z]. Our main result is that the module of syzygies vanishing (scheme-theoretically) at the zero locus Z = V(I) is generated by the Koszul syzygies iff Z is a local complete intersection. The proof uses a characterization of complete intersections due to Herzog. When I is saturated, we relate our theorem to results of Weyman and of Simis and Vasconcelos. We conclude with an example of how our theorem fails for four generated local complete intersections in k[x,y,z] and we discuss generalizations to higher dimensions.
Estimates are obtained for the degrees of minimal syzygies of quotient algebras of polynomial rings. For a class that includes Koszul algebra in almost all characteristics, these degrees are shown to increase by at most 2 from one syzygy module to the next one. Even slower growth is proved if, in addition, the algebra satisfies Green and Lazarsfeld's condition N_q with q > 1.
A graded K-algebra R has property N_p if it is generated in degree 1, has relations in degree 2 and the syzygies of order less or equal to p on the relations are linear. The Green-Lazarsfeld index of R is the largest p such that it satisfies the property N_p. Our main results assert that (under a mild assumption on the base field K) the c-th Veronese subring of a polynomial ring has Green-Lazarsfeld index greater or equal to c+1. The same conclusion also holds for an arbitrary standard graded algebra, provided c is sufficiently large.
Several spectral sequence techniques are used in order to derive information about the structure of finite free resolutions of graded modules. These results cover estimates of the minimal number of generators of defining ideals of projective varieties. There are also investigations about the shifts and the dimension of Betti numbers.
A key result for syzygies of curves is Voisin's proof of Green's conjecture for the canonical embedding of a general curve of any genus. Her primary tools were the Lazarsfeld Mukai bundle on a K3 surface and a representation of Koszul cohomology on the Hilbert scheme of points on the surface. In this note we construct representations of the Koszul complex on Grassmann varieties; Voisin's setup arises as the inverse image of one of the maps. Using a different map, we give a substantially shorter proof of Voisin's result for K3 surfaces of even sectional genus.
We discuss recent progress on syzygies of curves, including proofs of Green's and Gonality Conjectures as well as applications of Koszul cycles to the study of the birational geometry of various moduli spaces of curves. We prove a number of new results, including a complete solution to Green's Conjecture for arbitrary hexagonal curves. Finally, we propose several new conjectures on syzygies, including a Prym-Green conjecture for l-roots of trivial bundles as well as a strong Maximal Rank Conjecture for generic curves. To appear in the Proceedings of Clay Mathematical Institute.
Inspired by the methods of Voisin, the first two authors recently proved that one could read off the gonality of a curve C from the syzygies of its ideal in any one embedding of sufficiently large degree. This was deduced from from a vanishing theorem for the asymptotic syzygies associated to an arbitrary line bundle B on C. The present paper extends this vanishing theorem to a smooth projective variety X of arbitrary dimension. Specifically, given a line bundle B on X, we prove that if B is p-jet very ample (i.e. the sections of B separate jets of total weight p+1) then the weight one Koszul …
Let $ e_1, ..., e_c $ be positive integers and let $ Y \subseteq \mathbb{P}^n$ be the monomial complete intersection defined by the vanishing of $x_1^{e_1}, ..., x_c^{e_c}$. In this paper we study sharp upper bounds on the number of equations and syzygies of subschemes parametrized by the Hilbert scheme of points $Hilb^d(Y)$, and discuss applications to the Hilbert scheme of points $Hilb^d(X)$ of arbitrary complete intersections $X \subseteq \mathbb{P}^n$.
For all $2\leq q\leq \dim(X)$ and most relevant $p$ values, the dimension of the asymptotic Koszul cohomology group $K_{p,q}(X, B;L_d)$ grows exponentially with $d$.
We consider the graded space $R$ of syzygies for the coordinate algebra $A$ of projective variety $X=G/P$ embedded into projective space as an orbit of the highest weight vector of an irreducible representation of semisimple complex Lie group $G$. We show that $R$ is isomorphic to the Lie algebra cohomology $H=H^\bdot(\Lt,\CC)$, where $\Lt$ is graded Lie subalgebra of the graded Lie s-algebra $L=L_1\oplus\Lt$ Koszul dual to $A$. We prove that the isomorphism identifies the natural associative algebra structures on $R$ and $H$ coming from their Koszul and Chevalley DGA resolutions respectively.…
It is proved, as was conjectured by Eisenbud-Koh-Stillman, that for a finitely generated graded module $M$ over the symmetric algebra $S(V)$, if the Koszul group ${\cal K}_{p,0}(M,V)\ne 0$, then the set of rank 1 relations in $M_0\otimes V$ has dimension $\ge p$. The method is by using ``exterior minors" to study syzygies of an ideal derived from the Koszul class in the exterior algebra. As a consequence, a conjecture of Lazarsfeld and myself that a set $Z$ of $2r+1-p$ points in ${\bf P}^r$ for which property $N_p$ fails has a subset $Z'$ of at least $2{\rm dim}(L) +2-p$ points lying on a line…
One describes generators of disguised residual intersections in any commutative Noetherian rings. It is shown that, over Cohen-Macaulay rings, the disguised residual intersections and algebraic residual intersections are the same, for ideals with sliding depth. This coincidence provides structural results for algebraic residual intersections in quite general setting. It is shown how the DG-algebra structure of Koszul homologies affects the determination of generators of residual intersections. In the midway it is shown that the Buchsbaum-Eisenbud family of complexes can be derived from the Kos…
Cohen-Macaulayness, unmixedness, the structure of the canonical module and the stability of the Hilbert function of algebraic residual intersections are studied in this paper. Some conjectures about these properties are established for large classes of residual intersections without restricting local number of generators of the ideals involved. A family of approximation complexes for residual intersections is constructed to determine the above properties. Moreover some general properties of the symmetric powers of quotient ideals are determined which were not known even for special ideals with…
We prove a strong vanishing result for finite length Koszul modules, and use it to derive Green's conjecture for every g-cuspidal rational curve over an algebraically closed field k with char(k) = 0 or char(k) >= (g+2)/2. As a consequence, we deduce that the general canonical curve of genus g satisfies Green's conjecture in this range. Our results are new in positive characteristic, whereas in characteristic zero they provide a different proof for theorems first obtained in two landmark papers by Voisin. Our strategy involves establishing two key results of independent interest: (1) we describ…
Let C \in P2 be a reduced, singular curve of degree d and equation f = 0. Let Σdenote the jacobian subscheme of C. We have 0 -> E -> 3.O -> I_Σ(d-1) -> 0 (the surjection is given by the partials of f). We study the relationships between the Betti numbers of the module H^0_*(E) and the integers, d; τ, where τ= deg(Σ). We observe that our results apply to any quasi-complete intersection of type (s; s; s).
Let $H$ be a numerical semigroup. We give effective bounds for the multiplicity $e(H)$ when the associated graded ring $\operatorname{gr}_\mathfrak{m} K[H]$ is defined by quadrics. We classify Koszul complete intersection semigroups in terms of gluings. Furthermore, for several classes of numerical semigroups considered in the literature (arithmetic, compound, special almost complete intersections, $3$-semigroups, symmetric or pseudo-symmetric $4$-semigroups) we classify those which are Koszul.
The minimal free resolution of the coordinate ring of a complete intersection in projective space is a Koszul complex on a regular sequence. In the product of projective spaces $\mathbb{P}^1 \times \mathbb{P}^1$, we investigate which sets of points have a virtual resolution that is a Koszul complex on a regular sequence. This paper provides conditions on sets of points; some of which guarantee the points have this property, and some of which guarantee the points do not have this property.
Let $X$ be a reduced closed subscheme in $\mathbb P^n$. As a slight generalization of property $\textbf{N}_p$ due to Green-Lazarsfeld, we can say that $X$ satisfies property $\textbf{N}_{2,p}$ scheme-theoretically if there is an ideal $I$ generating the ideal sheaf $\mathcal I_{X/¶^n}$ such that $I$ is generated by quadrics and there are only linear syzygies up to $p$-th step (cf. \cite{EGHP1}, \cite{EGHP2}, \cite{V}). Recently, many algebraic and geometric results have been proved for projective varieties satisfying property $\textbf{N}_{2,p}$(cf. \cite{CKP}, \cite{EGHP1}, \cite{EGHP2} \cite …
We describe the weight filtration in the cohomology of toric varieties. We present a role of the Frobenius automorphism in an elementary way. We prove that equivariant intersection homology of an arbitrary toric variety is pure. We obtain results concerning Koszul duality: nonequivariant intersection cohomology is equal to the cohomology of the Koszul complex $IH_T^*(X)\otimes H^*(T)$. We also describe the weight filtration in $IH^*(X)$.
Motivated by our study (elsewhere) of linear syzygies of homogeneous ideals generated by quadrics and their restrictions to subvarieties of the ambient projective space, we investigate in this note possible zero-dimensional intersections of two Veronese surfaces in P^5. The case of two Veronese surfaces in P^5 meeting in 10 simple points appears also in work of Coble, Conner and Reye in relation to the 10 nodes of a quartic symmetroid in P^3, and we provide here a modern account for some of their results.
In this paper we present an algorithm for computing a matrix representation for a surface in P^3 parametrized over a 2-dimensional toric variety T. This algorithm follows the ideas of [Botbol-Dickenstein-Dohm-09] and it was implemented in Macaulay2. We showed in [BDD09] that such a surface can be represented by a matrix of linear syzygies if the base points are finite in number and form locally a complete intersection, and in [Botbol-09] we generalized this to the case where the base locus is not necessarily a local complete intersection. The key point consists in exploiting the sparse structu…
Given a zero-dimensional Gorenstein algebra $\mathbb{B}$ and two syzygies between two elements $f_1,f_2\in\mathbb{B}$, one constructs a double complex of $\mathbb{B}$-modules, ${\cal G}_\mathbb{B},$ called the small Gobelin. We describe an inductive procedure to construct the even and odd hyperhomologies of this complex. For high degrees, the difference $\dim \mathbb{H}_{j+2}({\cal G}_\mathbb{B}) - \dim\mathbb{H}_j({\cal G}_\mathbb{B})$ is constant, but possibly with a different value for even and odd degrees. We describe two flags of ideals in $\mathbb{B}$ which codify the above differences o…
We introduce a class of noncommutatative algebras called representation complete intersections (RCI). A graded associative algebra A is said to be RCI provided there exist arbitrarily large positive integers n such that the scheme Rep_n(A), of n-dimensional representations of A, is a complete intersection. We discuss examples of RCI algebras, including those arising from quivers. There is another interesting class of associative algebras called noncommutative complete intersections (NCCI). We prove that any graded RCI algebra is NCCI. We also obtain explicit formulas for the Hilbert series of …
In its most basic form, Dubreil's Theorem states that for an ideal $I$ defining a codimension $2$, arithmetically Cohen--Macaulay subscheme of projective $n$-space, the number of generators of $I$ is bounded above by the minimal degree of a minimal generator plus $1$. By introducing a new ideal $J$ which is the complete intersection of $n-1$ general linear forms, we are able to extend Dubreil's Theorem to an ideal $I$ defining a locally Cohen--Macaulay subscheme $V$ of any codimension. Our new bound involves the lengths of the Koszul homologies of the cohomology modules of $V$, with respect to…
