Shengda Hu
We provide a construction of examples of semistable degeneration via toric geometry. The applications include a higher dimensional generalization of classical degeneration of K3 surface into 4 rational components, an algebraic geometric version of decomposing K3 as the fiber sum of two E(1)'s as well as it's higher dimensional generalizations, and many other new examples.
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We classify smooth Fano threefolds that admit degenerations to toric Fano threefolds with ordinary double points.
We give a method to estimate Seshadri constants on toric varieties at any point. By using the estimations and toric degenerations, we can obtain some new computations or estimations of Seshadri constants on non-toric varieties. In particular, we investigate Seshadri constants on hypersurfaces in projective spaces and Fano 3-folds with Picard number one in detail.
We study semi-stable degenerations of toric varieties determined by certain partitions of their moment polytopes. Analyzing their defining equations we prove a property of uniqueness.
We show that the counting of rational curves on a complete toric variety that are in general position to the toric prime divisors coincides with the counting of certain tropical curves. The proof is algebraic-geometric and relies on degeneration techniques and log deformation theory. This generalizes results of Mikhalkin obtained by different methods in the surface case to arbitrary dimensions.
We study the real loci of toric degenerations of complex varieties with reducible central fibre. We show that the topology of such degenerations can be explicitly described via the Kato-Nakayama space of the central fibre as a log space. We furthermore provide generalities of real structures in log geometry and their lift to Kato-Nakayama spaces. A key point of this paper is a description of the Kato-Nakayama space of a toric degeneration and its real locus, both as bundles determined by combinatorial data. We provide several examples including real toric degenerations of K3-surfaces and a tor…
This note constructs the flat toric degeneration of the manifold FL_n of flags in C^n from [Gonciulea-Lakshmibai 96] as an explicit GIT quotient of the Gr"obner degeneration in [Knutson-Miller 03]. This implies that Schubert varieties degenerate to reduced unions of toric varieties, associated to faces indexed by rc-graphs (reduced pipe dreams) in the Gel'fand-Cetlin polytope. Our explicit description of the toric degeneration of FL_n provides a simple explanation of how Gel'fand-Cetlin decompositions for irreducible polynomial representations of GL_n arise via geometric quantization.
Maps to toric varieties, toric degenerations and integrable systems à la Harada--Kaveh
本文基于复数域上的环面退化，利用Thom--Mather理论构造了从一般纤维到特殊纤维的满连续映射，并借此更明确地恢复并扩展了Harada--Kaveh风格的可积系统构造，同时在边界分层上构造了可积系统。
We show that the moduli space of stable n-pointed rational curves can be flatly degenerated to a projective toric variety. We arrive at this by showing that the Chow quotients of the Grassmannians admit toric degenerations, which in turn, follows from a theorem that we prove for toric degenerations of more general Chow quotients. Along the way, we also argued that GIT quotient of a flat family is again flat. In particular, all GIT quotients of flag varieties by maximal tori can be flatly degenerated to projective toric varieties ([9] and [12]).
A toric degeneration of Kronecker moduli spaces
本文证明Kronecker模空间坐标环存在有限SAGBI基，诱导其到正规环面簇的环面退化，矩多面体为两个Gelfand--Cetlin多面体之交，并讨论推广至匹配域的条件。
In this paper we construct a degeneration of Bott-Samelson-Demazure-Hansen varieties to toric varieties in an algebraic family and study the geometry of the resulting toric varieties. We give a natural set of torus invariant curves that generate the Chow group of $1$-cycles of the limiting toric variety and express the ample cone of this toric variety as a sub-cone of the ample cone of the corresponding Bott-Samelson-Demazure-Hansen variety. We also give a description of Extremal and Mori rays and determine when this toric variety is Fano.
For an appropriate class of Fano complete intersections in toric varieties, we prove that there is a concrete relationship between degenerations to specific toric subvarieties and expressions for Givental's Landau-Ginzburg models as Laurent polynomials. As a result, we show that Fano varieties presented as complete intersections in partial flag manifolds admit degenerations to Gorenstein toric weak Fano varieties, and their Givental Landau-Ginzburg models can be expressed as corresponding Laurent polynomials. We also use this to show that all of the Laurent polynomials obtained by Coates, Kasp…
Batyrev (et. al.) constructed a family of Calabi-Yau varieties using small toric degenerations of the full flag variety G/B. They conjecture this family to be mirror to generic anti-canonical hypersurfaces in G/B. Recently Alexeev and Brion, as a part of their work on toric degenerations of spherical varieties, have constructed many degenerations of G/B. For any such degeneration we construct a family of varieties, which we prove coincides with Batyrev's in the small case. We prove that any two such families are birational, thus proving that mirror families are independent of the choice of deg…
We show that every rank one smooth Fano threefold has a weak Landau-Ginzburg model coming from a toric degeneration. The fibers of these Landau-Ginzburg models can be compactified to K3 surfaces with Picard lattice of rank 19. We also show that any smooth Fano variety of arbitrary dimension which is a complete intersection of Cartier divisors in weighted projective space has a very weak Landau-Ginzburg model coming from a toric degeneration.
Building on our earlier work on toric residues and reduction, we give a proof for the mixed toric residue conejecture of Batyrev and Materov. We simplify and streamline our technique of tropical degenerations, which allows one to interpolate between two localization principles: one appearing in the intersection theory toric quotients and the other in the calculus of toric residues. This quickly leads to the proof of the conjecture, which gives a closed form for the summation of a generating series whose coefficients are certain variants of the "numbers" of rational curves on toric complete int…
The $k$-secant degree is studied with a combinatorial approach. A planar toric degeneration of any projective toric surface $X$ corresponds to a regular unimodular triangulation $D$ of the polytope defining $X$. If the secant ideal of the initial ideal with respect to $D$ coincides with the initial ideal of the secant ideal, then $D$ is said to be delightful and the $k$-secant degree of $X$ can be easily computed. All delightful triangulations of toric surfaces having sectional genus $g\leq1$ are completely classified and, for $g\geq2$, a lower bound for the $2$- and $3$-secant degree, by mean…
Toric degenerations of Calabi--Yau complete intersections and metric SYZ conjecture
本研究在Gross--Siebert纲领下，以热带几何刻画对应非阿基米德Calabi--Yau度量的实Monge--Ampère方程，在解存在的假设下证明了Batyrev--Borisov型Calabi--Yau完全交环面退化的度量SYZ猜想。
We develop a theory of multi-stage degenerations of toric varieties over finite rank valuation rings, extending the Mumford--Gubler theory in rank one. Such degenerations are constructed from fan-like structures over totally ordered abelian groups of finite rank. Our main theorem describes the geometry of successive special fibers in the degeneration in terms of the polyhedral geometry of a system of recession complexes associated to the fan.
In this paper we study the geometry of toric degeneration of a Bott-Samelson-Demazure-Hansen (BSDH) variety. We give some applications to BSDH varieties. Precisely, we classify Fano, weak Fano and log Fano BSDH varieties and their toric limits in Kac-Moody setting. We prove some vanishing theorems for the cohomology of tangent bundle (and line bundles) on BSDH varieties. We also recover the results in arXiv:1604.01998, by toric methods.
For fixed degree $d\leq 12$, we study the Hilbert scheme of degree $d$ smooth Fano threefolds in their anticanonical embeddings. We use this to classify all possible degenerations of these varieties to toric Fano varieties with at most canonical Gorenstein singularities.
Given a smooth Mori dream space $X$ we construct a model dominating all the small $\mathbb{Q}$-factorial modifications via tropicalization. This construction allows us to recover a Minkowski basis for the Newton-Okounkov bodies of divisors on $X$ and hence the movable cone of $X$. The existence of such basis allows us to prove the polyhedrality of the global Newton-Okounkov body and the existence of toric degenerations.
We discuss the behavior of Landau-Ginzburg models for toric orbifolds near the large volume limit. This enables us to express mirror symmetry as an isomorphism of Frobenius manifolds which aquire logarithmic poles along a boundary divisor. If the toric orbifold admits a crepant resolution we construct a global moduli space on the B-side and show that the associated tt^*-geometry exists globally.
An irrational toric variety X is an analytic subset of the simplex associated to a finite configuration of real vectors. The positive torus acts on X by translation, and we consider limits of sequences of these translations. Our main result identifies all possible Hausdorff limits of translations of X as toric degenerations using elementary methods and the geometry of the secondary fan of the vector configuration. This generalizes work of Garcia-Puente et al., who used algebraic geometry and work of Kapranov, Sturmfels, and Zelevinsky, when the vectors were integral.
We investigate the hypersurfaces which are the generation of the Fermat hypersufaces, and determine their projective isomorphism classes.
Let $R$ be a complete equicharacteristic noetherian local domain and $ν$ a valuation of its field of fractions whose valuation ring dominates $R$ with trivial residue field extension. The semigroup of values of $ν$ on $R\setminus \{0\}$ is not finitely generated in general. We produce equations in an appropriate generalized power series ring for the algebra encoding the degeneration of $R$ to the toric graded algebra ${\rm gr}_νR$ associated to the filtration defined by $ν$. We apply this to represent $ν$ as the limit of a sequence of Abhyankar semivaluations (valuations on quotients) of $R$ w…
Mirrors to toric degenerations via intrinsic mirror symmetry
该研究探究Gross-Siebert镜像对称中两种镜像构造的联系，将极小相对对数Calabi-Yau退化的Gross-Siebert镜像构造推广至K3曲面的除子型环面退化情形，还得到对应关系并讨论高维推广。
Using the method of degenerating a Grassmannian into a toric variety, we calculate recursive formulas for the dimensions of the eigenspaces of the action of an n-dimensional torus on a Grassmannian of planes in an n-dimensional space. In order to verify our result we compare it with the polynomial describing the Euler characteristic of invertible sheaves on a projective space with four blown-up points.
We study rational curves on general Fano hypersurfaces in projective space, mostly by degenerating the hypersurface along with its ambient projective space to reducible varieties. We prove results on existence of low-degree rational curves with balanced normal bundle, and reprove some results on irreducibility of spaces of rational curves of low degree.
In this survey I summarize the constructions of toric degenerations obtained from valuations and Gröbner theory and describe in which sense they are equivalent. I show how adapted bases can be used to generalize the classical Newton polytope to what is called a $\mathbb B$-Newton polytope. The $\mathbb B$-Newton polytope determines the Newton--Okounkov polytopes of all Khovanskii-finite valuations sharing the adapted standard monomial basis $\mathbb B$.
Anderson proved that the finite generation of the value semigroup $Γ_{Y_\bullet}(D)$ in the construction of the Newton-Okounkov body $Δ_{Y_\bullet}(D)$ induces a toric degeneration of the corresponding variety $X$ to some toric variety $X_0$. In this case the normalization of $X_0$ is the normal toric variety corresponding to the rational polytope $Δ_{Y_\bullet}(D)$. Since $X_0$ is not normal in general this correspondence is rather implicit. In this article we investigate in conditions to assure that $X_0$ is normal, by comparing the Hilbert polynomial with the Ehrhart polynomial. In the case…
The Losev-Manin moduli space parametrizes pointed chains of projective lines. In this paper we study a possible generalization to families of pointed degenerate toric varieties. Geometric properties of these families, such as flatness and reducedness of the fibers, are explored via a combinatorial characterization. We show that such families are described by a specific type of polytope fibration which generalizes the twisted Cayley sums, originally introduced to characterize elementary extremal contractions of fiber type associated to projective $\mathbb{Q}$-factorial toric varieties with posi…
We present an alternative proof of the Alexander-Hirschowitz Theorem in dimension 3 using degenerations of toric varieties.
The most fundamental example of mirror symmetry compares the Fermat hypersurfaces in P^n and P^n/G, where G is a finite group that acts on P^n and preserves the Fermat hypersurface. We generalise this to hypersurfaces in Grassmannians, where the picture is richer and more complex. There is a finite group G that acts on the Grassmannian Gr(n,r) and preserves an appropriate Calabi-Yau hypersurface. We establish how mirror symmetry, toric degenerations, blow-ups and variation of GIT relate the Calabi-Yau hypersurfaces inside Gr(n,r) and Gr(n,r)/G. This allows us to describe a compactification of …
In this paper we propose and discuss a mirror construction for complete intersections in partial flag manifolds $F(n_1, ..., n_l, n)$. This construction includes our previous mirror construction for complete intersection in Grassmannians and the mirror construction of Givental for complete flag manifolds. The key idea of our construction is a degeneration of $F(n_1, ..., n_l, n)$ to a certain Gorenstein toric Fano variety $P(n_1, ..., n_l, n)$ which has been investigated by Gonciulea and Lakshmibai. We describe a natural small crepant desingularization of $P(n_1, ..., n_l, n)$ and prove a gene…
The space of torus translations and degenerations of a projective toric variety forms a toric variety associated to the secondary fan of the integer points in the polytope corresponding to the toric variety. This is used to identify a moduli space of real degenerations with the secondary polytope. A configuration A of real vectors gives an irrational projective toric variety in a simplex. We identify a space of translations and degenerations of the irrational projective toric variety with the secondary polytope of A. For this, we develop a theory of irrational toric varieties associated to arb…
We will use toric degenerations of the projective plane ${\mathbb{P}^ 2}$ to give a new proof of the triple points interpolation problems in the projective plane. We also give a complete list of toric surfaces that are useful as components in this degeneration.
We study the algebra of Weyl modules in types $A$ and $C$ using the methods of arcs over toric degenerations and functional realization of dual space. We compute the generators and relations of this algebra and construct its basis.
Semi-toric degenerations of Richardson varieties arising from cluster structures on flag varieties
本文证明旗簇上由簇结构产生的环面退化可诱导 Richardson 簇的半环面退化，并将其作为 Morier-Genoud 与 Kogan-Miller 相关构造的推广。
In this paper, we investigate when there exists a wild hypersurface bundle over a smooth proper toric variety in positive characteristic. In particular, we determine the possibilities for toric varieties with Picard number at most three or toric Fano varieties of dimension at most four. Moreover, we can construct wild hypersurface bundles over them.
Degenerations to secant cubic hypersurfaces and limiting Hodge structure
本文研究光滑三次超曲面族退化到割线型三次超曲面时的极限混合Hodge结构，并利用Usui的部分紧化刻画周期映射的局部延拓。
We define a toric degeneration of an integrable system on a projective manifold, and prove the existence of a toric degeneration of the Gelfand-Cetlin system on the flag manifold of type A. As an application, we calculate the potential function for a Lagrangian torus fiber of the Gelfand-Cetlin system.
Toric Degenerations of Low Degree Hypersurfaces
本文证明了n维射影空间中一般d次超曲面具有环面Gröbner退化的充要条件是d≤2n-1。
We introduce an algebraic method for describing the Hodge filtration of degenerating hypersurfaces in projective toric varieties. For this purpose, we show some fundamental properties of logarithmic differential forms on proper equivariant morphisms of toric varieties.
In this article we present a formula for the plurigenera of minimal models of nondegenerate toric hypersurfaces, which is valid in arbitrary dimension and which expresses these invariants through lattice points on the Fine interior. From this formula we derive a formula for the volume of the canonical divisor of the toric hypersurface. We also study the pluricanonical mappings and show under some restrictions how to construct a canonical model of the toric hypersurface.
In this paper, we give a tropical method for computing Gromov-Witten type invariants of Fano manifolds of special type. This method applies to those Fano manifolds which admit toric degenerations to toric Fano varieties with singularities allowing small resolutions. Examples include (generalized) flag manifolds of type A, and some moduli space of rank two bundles on a genus two curve.
Let Δbe the Okounkov body of a divisor D on a projective variety X. We describe a geometric criterion for Δto be a lattice polytope, and show that in this situation X admits a flat degeneration to the corresponding toric variety. This degeneration is functorial in an appropriate sense.
In response to a question of Reid, we find all anti-canonical Calabi-Yau hypersurfaces $X$ in toric weighted projective bundles over the projective line where the general fiber is a weighted K3 hypersurface. This gives a direct generalization of Reid's discovery of the 95 families of weighted K3 hypersurfaces. We also treat the case where $X$ is fibered over the plane with general fiber a genus one curve in a weighted projective plane.
Degeneration of Dual Varieties of Hypersurfaces
本文研究光滑射影簇退化时对偶簇的极限，针对超曲面退化为两个横截相交超曲面的情况，确定了极限对偶簇的所有不可约分量及其重数。
We study the geometry and cohomology of semiample hypersurfaces in toric varieties. Such hypersurfaces generalize the MPCP-desingularizations of Calabi-Yau ample hypersurfaces in the Batyrev mirror construction. We study the topological cup product on the middle cohomology of semiample hypersurfaces. In particular, we obtain a complete algebraic description of the middle cohomology of regular semiample hypersurfaces in 4-dimensional simplicial toric varieties what would be interesting for physics.
In this thesis we study toric degenerations of projective varieties. We compare different constructions to understand how and why they are related as s first step towards developing a global framework. In focus are toric degenerations obtained from representation theory, tropical geometry and cluster algebras. Often those rely on valuations and the theory of Newton-Okounkov bodies. Toric degenerations can be seen as a combinatorial shadow of the original objects. The goal is therefore to understand why the different theories are so closely related, by understanding the toric degenerations they…
This is an outline of work in progress concerning an algebro-geometric form of the Strominger-Yau-Zaslow conjecture. We introduce a limited type of degeneration of Calabi-Yau manifolds, which we call toric degenerations. For these, the degenerate fibre is a union of toric varieties meeting along toric strata. In addition, the total space must look locally toric outside of some singular set. This is a generalisation of both Mumford-type degenerations of abelian varieties and degenerations of Calabi-Yau hypersurfacesin toric varieties. From such a degeneration, we construct a dual intersection g…
This is a short companion paper to arXiv:0810.3470. We construct an integrable system on an open subset of a Fano manifold equipped with a toric degeneration, and compute the potential function for its Lagrangian torus fibers if the central fiber is a toric Fano variety admitting a small resolution.
We prove that any affine, resp. polarized projective, spherical variety admits a flat degeneration to an affine, resp. polarized projective, toric variety. Motivated by Mirror Symmetry, we give conditions for the limit toric variety to be a Gorenstein Fano, and provide many examples. We also provide an explanation for the limits as boundary points of the moduli space of stable pairs whose existence is predicted by the Minimal Model Program.
We show that a weight variety, which is a quotient of a flag variety by the maximal torus, admits a flat degeneration to a toric variety. In particular, we show that the moduli spaces of spatial polygons degenerate to polarized toric varieties with the moment polytopes defined by the lengths of their diagonals. We extend these results to more general Flaschka-Millson hamiltonians on the quotients of products of projective spaces. We also study boundary toric divisors and certain real loci.
We study limiting lines on degenerations of generic hypersurfaces in $P^n$.
In the paper "Birational geometry via moduli spaces" by I. Cheltsov, L. Katzarkov, and V. Przyjalkowski a new structure connecting toric degenerations of smooth Fano threefolds by projections was introduced; using Mirror Symmetry these connections were transferred to the side of Landau--Ginzburg models. In the paper mentioned above a nice way to connect of Picard rank one Fano threefolds was found. We apply this approach to all smooth Fano threefolds, connecting their degenerations by toric basic links. In particular, we find a lot of Gorenstein toric degenerations of smooth Fano threefolds we…
The Kodaira-Spencer map for minimal toric hypersurfaces
本文研究环面超曲面的无穷小形变，引入Kodaira-Spencer映射并计算其核，通过新Laurent多项式使计算显式化，推广了Griffiths关于射影超曲面的结果。
We establish an explicit bijection between the toric degenerations of the Grassmannian $\textrm{Gr}(2,n)$ arising from maximal cones in tropical Grassmannians and the ones coming from plabic graphs corresponding to $\textrm{Gr}(2,n)$. We show that a similar statement does not hold for $\textrm{Gr}(3,6)$.
We investigate the class of degenerations of smooth cubic surfaces which are obtained from degenerating their Cox rings to toric algebras. More precisely, we work in the spirit of Sturmfels and Xu who use the theory of Khovanskii bases to determine toric degenerations of Del Pezzo surfaces of degree 4 and who leave the question of classifying these degenerations in the degree 3 case as an open problem. In order to carry out this classification we describe an approach which is closely related to tropical geometry and present partial results in this direction.
We give detailed descriptions of the period maps of two 2-parameter families of anti-canonical hypersurfaces in toric 3-folds. One of them is related to a Hilbert modular surface, and the other is related to the product of modular curves.
We address the following question: Given a polarized toric surface (S,L), and a general integral curve C of geometric genus g in the linear system |L|, do there exist degenerations of C in |L| to general integral curves of smaller geometric genera? We give an affirmative answer to this question for surfaces associated to h-transverse polygons, provided that the characteristic of the ground field is large enough. We give examples of surfaces in small characteristic, for which the answer to the question is negative. In case the answer is affirmative, we deduce that a general curve C as above is …
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