Justin R. Smith
This paper extends the results of "Operads and Algebraic Homotopy" in giving algebraic invariants for the stable homotopy type of a pointed simply-connected simplicial set.
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It is well known that the differential graded operad of A_infinity-algebras is a cofibrant replacement (a dg-resolution) of the operad of associative differential graded algebras without units. In this article we find a cofibrant replacement of the operad of associative differential graded algebras with units. Algebras over it are called homotopy unital A_infinity-algebras. We prove that the operad bimodule of A_infinity-morphisms is a cofibrant replacement of the operad bimodule of morphisms of dg-algebras without units. Similarly we show that the operad bimodule of homotopy unital A_infinity…
In this paper we apply homotopical localization to the framework of differential graded algebras over an operad. We get plus construction by performing nullification with respect to an universal acyclic algebra. This plus construction for Lie and Leibniz algebras up to homotopy yields two new homology theories for associative algebras. They are closely related to cyclic and Hochschild homologies. We also compute their first homology groups.
A recognition principle for iterated suspensions as coalgebras over the little cubes operad
本文提出了一种识别作为小立方体操作元的迭代悬垂的原理，通过构造余代数并证明其同伦等价性，揭示了与May结果的对偶关系。
This paper studies the existence of model category structures on algebras and modules over operads in monoidal model categories.
This is an expository article about operads in homotopy theory written as a chapter for an upcoming book. It concentrates on what the author views as the basic topics in the homotopy theory of operadic algebras: the definition of operads, the definition of algebras over operads, structural aspects of categories of algebras over operads, model structures on algebra categories, and comparison of algebra categories when changing operad or underlying category. In addition, it includes two applications of the theory: The original application to $n$-fold loop spaces, and an application to algebraic …
Rational homotopy theory of operad modules through colored operads
将Fresse的operad有理同伦论推广至operad上的多种模，研究其有理同伦性质。
In this paper, we set up a rational homotopy theory for operads in simplicial sets whose term of arity one is not necessarily reduced to an operadic unit, extending results obtained by the author in the book "Homotopy of operads and Grothendieck-Teichmüller groups". In short, we prove that the rational homotopy type of such an operad is determined by a cooperad in cochain differential graded algebras (a cochain Hopf dg-cooperad for short) as soon as the Sullivan rational homotopy theory works for the spaces underlying our operad (e.g. when these spaces are connected, nilpotent, and have finite…
On sifted homotopy colimits of algebras over an $N_{\infty}$-operad
本文证明了从 $N_{\infty}$-操作代数到等变空间的遗忘函子保持筛选同调余极限。
We establish model category structures on algebras and modules over operads in symmetric spectra, and study when a morphism of operads induces a Quillen equivalence between corresponding categories of algebras (resp. modules) over operads.
This paper deals with the homotopy theory of differential graded operads. We endow the Koszul dual category of curved conilpotent cooperads, where the notion of quasi-isomorphism barely makes sense, with a model category structure Quillen equivalent to that of operads. This allows us to describe the homotopy properties of differential graded operads in a simpler and richer way, using obstruction methods.
This paper proves Koszul duality for coloured operads and uses it to introduce strongly homotopy operads as a suitable homotopy invariant version of operads. It shows that rational chains on configuration spaces of points in the plane form a strongly homotopy operad quasi isomorphic to the chains on the little disks operad.
We define a strong homotopy derivation of (cohomological) degree k of a strong homotopy algebra over an operad P. This involves resolving the operad obtained from P by adding a generator with "derivation relations". For a wide class of Koszul operads P, in particular Ass and Lie, we describe the strong homotopy derivations by coderivations and show that they are closed under the Lie bracket. We show that symmetrization of a strong homotopy derivation of an A-infinity algebra yields a strong homotopy derivation of the symmetrized L-infinity algebra. We give examples of strong homotopy derivatio…
The goal of the present paper is to compare, in a precise way, two notions of operads up to homotopy which appear in the literature. Namely, we construct a functor from the category of strict unital homotopy colored operads to the category of infinity-operads. The former notion, that we make precise, is the operadic generalization of the notion of A-infinity-categories and the latter notion was defined by Moerdijk--Weiss in order to generalize the simplicial notion of infinity-category of Joyal--Lurie. This functor extends in two directions the simplicial nerve of Faonte--Lurie for A-infinity-…
We show how to induce products in sheaf cohomology for a wide variety of coefficients: sheaves of dg commutative and Lie algebras, symmetric Omega-spectra, filtered dg algebras, operads and operad algebras.
We establish certain smash operations on spaces over operads which are general analogues of the Samelson product on single loop spaces, and obtain a conceptual description of the structure of the homotopy groups of spaces $Y$ over a symmetric $K(π,1)$ operad: $π_*Y$ is a module over the free algebraic symmetric operad generated by operations on homotopy groups induced by these smash operations. In particular the homotopy groups of double loop spaces is a module over the free algebraic symmetric operad generated by the conjugacy classes of Brunnian braids modulo the conjugation action of pure b…
We introduce the notion of homotopy inner products for any cyclic quadratic Koszul operad $\mathcal O$, generalizing the construction already known for the associative operad. This is done by defining a colored operad $\widehat{\mathcal O}$, which describes modules over $\mathcal O$ with invariant inner products. We show that $\widehat{\mathcal O}$ satisfies Koszulness and identify algebras over a resolution of $\widehat{\mathcal O}$ in terms of derivations and module maps. As an application we construct a homotopy inner product over the commutative operad on the cochains of any Poincaré duali…
The purpose of this paper is twofold. First, we review applications of the bar duality of operads to the construction of explicit cofibrant replacements in categories of algebras over an operad. In view toward applications, we check that the constructions of the bar duality work properly for algebras over operads in unbounded differential graded modules over a ring. In a second part, we use the operadic cobar construction to define explicit cyclinder objects in the category of operads. Then we apply this construction to prove that certain homotopy morphisms of algebras over operads are equival…
In this work we present an explicit operad morphism that is also a homotopy equivalence between the operad given by the real Fulton MacPherson compactification of configuration spaces and the little $n$-disks operad. In particular, the construction gives an operadic homotopy equivalence between the associahedra and the little intervals explicitly. It can also be extended to the case of Kontsevich compactification and Voronov swiss-cheese operad.
Operads in Unstable Global Homotopy Theory
本研究聚焦不稳定全局同伦论中的operad理论，证明其可构建代数范畴模型结构，定义了全局$E_\infty$-operad并给出其上代数的rectification结果，拓展了operad理论的全局适用范围。
We provide general conditions under which the algebras for a coloured operad in a monoidal model category carry a Quillen model structure, and prove a Comparison Theorem to the effect that a weak equivalence between suitable such operads induces a Quillen equivalence between their categories of algebras. We construct an explicit Boardman-Vogt style cofibrant resolution for coloured operads, thereby giving a uniform approach to algebraic structures up to homotopy over coloured operads. The Comparison Theorem implies that such structures can be rectified.
We study the homotopy derivations of the framed little discs operads, which correspond to the homotopy derivations of the BV2n operads. By extending a result by Willwacher about the homotopy derivations of the en operads we show that the homotopy derivations of the BV2n operads may be described through the cohomology of a suitable graph complex. We will present an explicit quasi-isomorphic map.
We introduce the notion of homotopy inner products for any cyclic quadratic Koszul operad $\mathcal O$, generalizing the construction already known for the associative operad. This is done by defining a colored operad $\hat{\mathcal O}$, which describes modules over $\mathcal O$ with invariant inner products. We show that $\hat{\mathcal O}$ satisfies Koszulness and identify algebras over a resolution of $\hat{\mathcal O}$ in terms of derivations and module maps. An application to Poincaré duality on the chain level of a suitable topological space is given.
We give sufficient conditions for the existence of a model structure on operads in an arbitrary symmetric monoidal model category. General invariance properties for homotopy algebras over operads are deduced.
The aim of this brief note is mainly to advocate our approach to homotopy algebras based on the minimal model of an operad. Our exposition is motivated by two examples which we discuss very explicitly - the example of strongly homotopy associative algebras and the example of strongly homotopy Lie algebras. We then indicate what must be proved in order to show that these homotopy algebraic structures are really `stable under a homotopy.' The paper is based on a talk given by the author on June 16, 1998, at University of Osnabrueck, Germany.
Homotopy theory of simplicial parametrized operads
本文基于双懒 functor 定义了操作符的推广，并在关联的简复形操作符类别上构造了模型结构，特别地，得到了 Nardin 和 Shah 的简复形 (colored) O-operads 的模型结构。
We study the subcategory of topological operads $P$ such that $P(0) = *$ (the category of unitary operads in our terminology). We use that this category inherits a model structure, like the category of all operads in topological spaces, and that the embedding functor of this subcategory of unitary operads into the category of all operads admits a left Quillen adjoint. We prove that the derived functor of this left Quillen adjoint functor induces a left inverse of the derived functor of our category embedding at the homotopy category level. We deduce from this result that the derived mapping sp…
We study the Eckmann-Hilton dual of the little disks algebra structure on iterated loop spaces: With the right definitions, every $n$-fold suspension is a coalgebra over the little $n$-disks operad. This structure induces non-trivial cooperations on the rational homotopy groups of an $n$-fold suspension. We describe the Eckmann-Hilton dual of the Browder bracket, which is a cooperation that forms an obstruction for an $n$-fold suspension to be an $(n+1)$-fold suspension, i.e. if this cooperation is non-zero then the space is not an $(n+1)$-fold suspension. We prove several results in equivaria…
We define the concept of a bi-operad. We develop the homotopy theory of "Bital-Sets" and of infinite-bi-operads. We develop a geometry of generalized schemes based on the spectra of distributive monochromatic bi-operads.
We compare two models for $\infty$-operads: the complete Segal operads of Barwick and the complete dendroidal Segal spaces of Cisinski and Moerdijk. Combining this with comparison results already in the literature, this implies that all known models for $\infty$-operads are equivalent - for instance, it follows that the homotopy theory of Lurie's $\infty$-operads is equivalent to that of dendroidal sets and that of simplicial operads.
The purpose of this foundational paper is to introduce various notions and constructions in order to develop the homotopy theory for differential graded operads over any ring. The main new idea is to consider the action of the symmetric groups as part of the defining structure of an operad and not as the underlying category. We introduce a new dual category of higher cooperads, a new higher bar-cobar adjunction with the category of operads, and a new higher notion of homotopy operads, for which we establish the relevant homotopy properties. For instance, the higher bar-cobar construction provi…
Stabilizations of $\mathbb{E}_\infty$ Operads and $p$-Adic Stable Homotopy Theory
该研究构造了作为 $\u211e_\u221e$ 操作子稳定化版本的稳定操作子，建立其代数同伦与上同调运算理论，并证明谱上链赋予其结构后可作为 $p$ 进稳定同伦型的代数模型。
We define a simplicial enrichment on the category of differential graded Hopf cooperads (the category of dg Hopf cooperads for short). We prove that our simplicial enrichment satisfies, in part, the axioms of a simplicial model category structure on the category of dg Hopf cooperads. We use this simplicial model structure to define a model of mapping spaces in the category of dg Hopf cooperads and to upgrade results of the literature about the homotopy automorphism spaces of dg Hopf cooperads by dealing with simplicial monoid structures. The rational homotopy theory of operads implies that the…
We prove the existence of minimal models a la Sullivan for operads with nontrivial arity zero. So up-to-homotopy algebras with strict units are just operad algebras over these minimal models. As an application, we give another proof of the formality of the unitary n-little disks operad over the rationals.
This paper is a survey on the homotopy theory of $E_n$-operads written for the new handbook of homotopy theory.
We build model structures on the category of equivariant simplicial operads with a fixed set of colors, with weak equivalences determined by families of subgroups. In particular, by specifying to the family of graph subgroups (or, more generally, one of the indexing systems of Blumberg-Hill), we obtain model structures on the category of equivariant simplicial operads with a fixed set of colors, with weak equivalences determined by norm map data.
This paper constructs model structures on the categories of coalgebras and pointed irreducible coalgebras over an operad. The underlying chain-complex is assumed to be unbounded and the results for bounded coalgebras over an operad are derived from the unbounded case.
We prove that the category of algebras over a cofibrant operad admits a closed model category structure. This leads to the notion of "virtual operad algebra" - the algebra over a cofibrant resolution of the given operad. In particular, virtual commutative algebras can serve to an algebraic description of homotopy p-tipes as in the recent preprint of Mandell (electronic Hopf topology archive, october '98, see http://www.hopf.math.purdue.edu. Our main result allows one to significally simplify the proof of Mandell's theorem.
Algebraic groups of homotopy classes of automorphisms and operadic Koszul duality
本文利用操作子Koszul对偶理论证明了单连通空间有理化同伦自同构类所对应的两个先验不同的代数群同构，并由此得到若干映射同伦类集合的Eckmann-Hilton对偶同构。
We introduce an explicit combinatorial characterization of the minimal model ${\cal O}_{\infty}$ of the coloured operad ${\cal O}$ encoding non-symmetric operads. In our description of ${\cal O}_{\infty}$, the spaces of operations are defined in terms of hypergraph polytopes and the composition structure generalizes the one of the $A_{\infty}$-operad. As further generalizations of this construction, we present a combinatorial description of the $W$-construction applied on ${\cal O}$, as well as of the minimal model of the coloured operad ${\cal C}$ encoding non-symmetric cyclic operads.
We prove, under mild assumptions, that a Quillen equivalence between symmetric monoidal model categories gives rise to a Quillen equivalence between their model categories of (non-symmetric) operads, and also between model categories of algebras over operads. We also show left properness results on model categories of operads and algebras over operads. As an application, we prove homotopy invariance for (unital) associative operads.
This paper proves that the homotopy type of a pointed, simply-connected, 2-reduced simplicial set is determined by the chain-complex augmented by functorial diagonal and higher diagonal maps (a simple generalization of the ones used to define Steenrod operations). The treatment of this problem is completely self-contained, and includes material that simplifies, extends, and corrects material from the authors AMS Memoir, "Iterating the cobar construction".
From the `cofree' cooperad $T'(A[-1])$ on a collection $A$ together with a differential, we construct an $L_\infty$-algebra structure on the total space $\bigoplus_nA(n)$ that descends to coinvariants. We use this construction to define an $L_\infty$-algebra controlling deformations of the operad $P$ under $Q$ from a cofibrant resolution for an operad $Q$, and an operad map $Q\longrightarrow P$. Starting from a diffent cofibrant resolution one obtains a quasi isomorohic $L_\infty$-algebra. This approach unifies Markl's cotangent cohomology of operads and the approaches to deformation of $Q$-al…
We endow categories of non-symmetric operads with natural model structures. We work with no restriction on our operads and only assume the usual hypotheses for model categories with a symmetric monoidal structure. We also study categories of algebras over these operads in enriched non-symmetric monoidal model categories.
Cellular approximations for nonsymmetric homotopy operads
本文为拓扑着色非对称操作子构造CW同伦操作子及严格CW操作子的同伦同构，并推广至拓扑代数与有限CW复形图，增强Quillen伴随并嵌入预层范畴。
We introduce the classical theory of the interplay between group theory and topology into the context of operads and explore some applications to homotopy theory. We first propose a notion of a group operad and then develop a theory of group operads, extending the classical theories of groups, spaces with actions of groups, covering spaces and classifying spaces of groups. In particular, the fundamental groups of a topological operad is naturally a group operad and its higher homotopy groups are naturally operads with actions of its fundamental groups operad, and a topological $K(π,1)$ operad …
We prove that the homotopy theory of $N_\infty$ operads is equivalent to a homotopy theory of discrete operads, and we construct free and associative operadic realizations of every indexing system. This resolves a conjecture of Blumberg and Hill in the affirmative.
We build model structures on the category of equivariant simplicial operads with weak equivalences determined by families of subgroups, in the context of operads with a varying set of colors (and building on the fixed color model structures in the prequel). In particular, by specifying to the family of graph subgroups (or, more generally, one of the indexing systems of Blumberg-Hill), we obtain model structures on the category of equivariant simplicial operads whose weak equivalences are determined by norm map data.
The framed little 2-discs operad is homotopy equivalent to a cyclic operad. We show that the derived modular envelope of this cyclic operad (i.e., the modular operad freely generated in a homotopy invariant sense) is homotopy equivalent to the modular operad made from classifying spaces of diffeomorphism groups of 3-dimensional handlebodies with marked discs on their boundaries. A modification of the argument provides a new and elementary proof of K. Costello's theorem that the derived modular envelope of the associative operad is homotopy equivalent to the ``open string'' modular operad made …
We verify that certain algebras appearing in string field theory are algebras over Feynman transform of modular operads which we describe explicitly. Equivalent description in terms of solutions of generalized BV master equations are explained from the operadic point of view.
We extend bar-cobar duality, defined for operads of chain complexes by Getzler and Jones, to operads of spectra in the sense of stable homotopy theory. Our main result is the existence of a Quillen equivalence between the category of reduced operads of spectra (with the projective model structure) and a new model for the homotopy theory of cooperads of spectra. The crucial construction is of a weak equivalence of operads between the Boardman-Vogt W-construction for an operad P, and the cobar-bar construction on P. This weak equivalence generalizes a theorem of Berger and Moerdijk that says the…
We introduce a category of locally constant $n$-operads which can be considered as the category of higher braided operads. For $n=1,2,\infty$ the homotopy category of locally constant $n$-operads is equivalent to the homotopy category of classical nonsymmetric, braided and symmetric operads correspondingly.
We endow the category of bialgebras over a pair of operads in distribution with a cofibrantly generated model category structure. We work in the category of chain complexes over a field of characteristic zero. We split our construction in two steps. In the first step, we equip coalgebras over an operad with a cofibrantly generated model category structure. In the second one we use the adjunction between bialgebras and coalgebras via the free algebra functor. This result allows us to do classical homotopical algebra in various categories such as associative bialgebras, Lie bialgebras or Poisson…
We prove the existence of minimal models a la Sullivan for operads with non-trivial arity zero. So, up to homotopy algebras with strict units are just operad algebras over these minimal models. As an application we give another proof of the formality of the unitary n-little disks operad over the rationals.
We extend Thomason's homotopy colimit construction in the category of permutative categories to categories of algebras over an arbitrary $\Cat$ operad and analyze its properties. We then use this homotopy colimit to prove that the classifying space functor induces an equivalence between the category of $n$-fold monoidal categories and the category of $\mathcal{C}_n$-spaces after formally inverting certain classes of weak equivalences, where $\mathcal{C}_n$ is the little $n$-cubes operad. As a consequence we obtain an equivalence of the categories of $n$-fold monoidal categories and the categor…
We correct a mistake in the construction of push-outs along free morphisms of algebras over a nonsymmetric operad in arXiv:1101.1634 [math.AT], and we fix the affected results in arXiv:1101.1634 [math.AT] and arXiv:1304.6641 [math.AT].
We explain how any cofibrantly generated weak factorisation system on a category may be equipped with a universally and canonically determined choice of cofibrant replacement. We then apply this to the theory of weak omega-categories, showing that the universal and canonical cofibrant replacement of the operad for strict omega-categories is precisely Leinster's operad for weak omega-categories.
This survey provides an elementary introduction to operads and to their applications in homotopical algebra. The aim is to explain how the notion of an operad was prompted by the necessity to have an algebraic object which encodes higher homotopies. We try to show how universal this theory is by giving many applications in Algebra, Geometry, Topology, and Mathematical Physics. (This text is accessible to any student knowing what tensor products, chain complexes, and categories are.)
We present a definition of homotopy algebra for an operad, and explore its consequences. The paper should be accessible to topologists, category theorists, and anyone acquainted with operads. After a review of operads and monoidal categories, the definition of homotopy algebra is given. Specifically, suppose that M is a monoidal category in which it makes sense to talk about algebras for some operad P. Then our definition says what a homotopy P-algebra in M is, provided only that some of the morphisms in M have been marked out as `homotopy equivalences'. The bulk of the paper consists of examp…
The homotopy theory of infinity-operads is defined by extending Joyal's homotopy theory of infinity-categories to the category of dendroidal sets. We prove that the category of dendroidal sets is endowed with a model category structure whose fibrant objects are the infinity-operads (i.e. dendroidal inner Kan complexes). This extends the theory of infinity-categories in the sense that the Joyal model category structure on simplicial sets whose fibrant objects are the infinity-categories is recovered from the model category structure on dendroidal sets by simply slicing over the point.
This paper considers a class of coalgebras over the Barratt-Eccles operad and shows that they classify Z-completions of pointed, reduced simplicial sets. As a consequence, they encapsulate the homotopy types of nilpotent simplicial sets. This result is a direct generalization of Quillen's result characterizing rational homotopy types via cocommutative coalgebras.
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