Holomorphic disks and topological invariants for closed three-manifolds
Peter Ozsvath, Zoltan Szabo
备注：
118 pages, 10 figures, to appear in Annals of Mathematics. Reorganized both this paper and its sequel: the first paper now gives the definitions for closed, oriented three-manifolds. Properties and examples are given in the second paper
The aim of this article is to introduce and study certain topological invariants for closed, oriented three-manifolds Y. These groups are relatively Z-graded Abelian groups associated to SpinC structures over Y. Given a genus g Heegaard splitting of Y, these theories are variants of the Lagrangian Floer homology for the g-fold symmetric product of the surface relative to certain totally real subspaces associated to the handlebodies.
A three-manifold equipped with a Heegaard diagram can be used to set up a Floer homology theory whose differential counts pseudo-holomorphic disks in the $g$-fold symmetric product of the Heegaard surface. This leads to a topological invariant for three-manifolds, Heegaard Floer homology, which is functorial under cobordisms. In this survey article, we sketch this construction and describe some of its topological applications.
We prove (a weak version of) Arnold's Chord Conjecture using Gromov's ``classical'' idea in to produce holomorphic disks with boundary on a Lagrangian submanifold.
We define a Floer-homology invariant for knots in an oriented three-manifold, closely related to the holomorphic disk Floer homologies for three-manifolds defined in an earlier paper. We set up basic properties of these invariants, including an Euler characteristic calculation, behaviour under connected sums. Then, we establish a relationship with $HF^+$ for surgeries along the knot. Applications include calculation of $HF^+$ of three-manifolds obtained by surgeries on some special knots in $S^3$, and also calculation of $HF^+$ for certain simple three-manifolds which fiber over the circle.
We show that conformally compact, globally hyperbolic, Lorentzian Einstein-Weyl 3-manifolds are in natural one-to-one correspondence with orientation-reversing diffeomorphisms of the 2-sphere. The proof hinges on a holomorphic-disk analog of Hitchin's mini-twistor correspondence.
We define rational numbers counting holomorphic disks bounding a complex lagrangian submanifold on a hyperkhaler manifold of real dimension four. We provide a simple a direct proof of Kontsevich-Soibelman Wall Crossing Formula for these rational invariants.
We show that one can achieve transversality for lifts of holomorphic disks to a projectivized vector bundle by locally enlarging the structure group and considering the action of gauge transformations on the almost complex structure, which eases computation considerably. As an application we prove a special case of the Arnold-Givental conjecture.
We consider a fibered Lagrangian $L$ in a compact symplectic fibration with small monotone fibers, and develop a strategy for lifting $J$-holomorphic disks with Lagrangian boundary from the base to the total space. In case $L$ is a product, we use this machinery to give a formula for the leading order potential and formulate an unobstructedness criteria for the $A_\infty$ algebra. We provide some explicit computations, one of which involves finding an embedded 2n+k dimensional submanifold of Floer-non-trivial tori in a 2n+2k dimensional fiber bundle.
We study the relation between $J$-anti-invariant $2$-forms and pseudoholomorphic curves in this paper. We show the zero set of a closed $J$-anti-invariant $2$-form on an almost complex $4$-manifold supports a $J$-holomorphic subvariety in the canonical class. This confirms a conjecture of Draghici-Li-Zhang. A higher dimensional analogue is established. We also show the dimension of closed $J$-anti-invariant $2$-forms on an almost complex $4$-manifold is a birational invariant, in the sense that it is invariant under degree one pseudoholomorphic maps.
We define an invariant $l(M,W,ω)$ for Lagrangian submanifold and prove that if the Lagrangian submanifold is embedded in the ball of radius $r_0$, then $l(M,W,Ω)$ must be smaller than $4πt_0^2$. This improves Gromov's Lagrangian embedding theorem.
We explain how to generalize Lazzarini's structural Theorem from [Laz11] to the case of curves with boundary on a given Lagrangian immersion. As a consequence of this result, we show that we can compute Floer homology with time-independent almost complex structures. We also give some applications as well as topics for future work.
These notes are based on a course that took place at the Université de Nantes in June 2011 during the "Trimester on Contact and Symplectic Topology". We will explain how holomorphic curves can be used to study symplectic fillings of a given contact manifold. Our main goal consists in showing that certain contact manifolds do not admit any symplectic filling at all.
We prove that, like the Seiberg-Witten monopole homology, the Heegaard Floer homology for a three-manifold determines its Thurston norm. As a consequence, we show that knot Floer homology detects the genus of a knot. This leads to new proofs of certain results previously obtained using Seiberg-Witten monopole Floer homology (in collaboration with Kronheimer and Mrowka). It also leads to a purely Morse-theoretic interpretation of the genus of a knot. The method of proof shows that the canonical element of Heegaard Floer homology associated to a weakly symplectically fillable contact structure i…
In an earlier paper (math.SG/0101206), we introduced Floer homology theories associated to closed, oriented three-manifolds Y and SpinC structures. In the present paper, we give calculations and study the properties of these invariants. The calculations suggest a conjectured relationship with Seiberg-Witten theory. The properties include a relationship between the Euler characteristics of these theories and Turaev's torsion, a relationship with the minimal genus problem (Thurston norm), and surgery exact sequences. We also include some applications of these techniques to three-manifold topolog…
Corrigendum of "Construction of Kuranishi structures on the moduli spaces of pseudo holomorphic disks I, Surveys in Differential Geometry XXII (2018), 133-190"
The aim of this article is to introduce invariants of oriented, smooth, closed four-manifolds, built using the Floer homology theories defined in two earlier papers (math.SG/0101206 and math.SG/0105202). This four-dimensional theory also endows the corresponding three-dimensional theories with additional structure: an absolute grading of certain of its Floer homology groups. The cornerstone of these constructions is the study of holomorphic disks in the symmetric products of Riemann surfaces.
The purpose of this paper is to carry out a classical construction of a non-constant holomorphic disk with boundary on (the suspension of) a Lagrangian submanifold in $\mathbb{R}^{2 n}$ in the case the Lagrangian is the lift of a coisotropic (a.k.a. pre-Lagrangian) submanifold in (a subset $U$ of) $\mathbb{R}^{2 n - 1}$. We show that the positive lower and finite upper bounds for the area of such a disk (which are due to M. Gromov and J.-C. Sikorav and F. Laudenbach-Sikorav for general Lagrangians) depend on the coisotropic submanifold only but not on its lift to the symplectization. The main …
Any smooth, closed oriented 4-manifold has a surface diagram of arbitrarily high genus g>2 that specifies it up to diffeomorphism. The goal of this paper is to prove the following statement: For any smooth, closed oriented 4-manifold M, there is a sequence of weak A-infinity algebras indexed by g, and the homotopy equivalence class of each entry of this sequence is a diffeomorphism invariant of M.
Let $L\subset X$ be a not necessarily orientable relatively $Pin$ Lagrangian submanifold in a symplectic manifold $X$. Evaluation maps of moduli spaces of $J$-holomorphic disks with boundary in $L$ may not be relatively orientable. To deal with this problem, we introduce the notion of an orientor. Interactions between the natural operations on orientors are governed by orientor calculus. Orientor calculus gives rise to a family of orientors on moduli spaces of $J$-holomorphic stable disk maps with boundary in $L$ that satisfy natural relations. In a sequel, we use these orientors and relations…
Let M be a closed symplectic manifold with a compatible almost complex structure J. We prove that for a point p in M and E>0, if v is a non-constant J-holomorphic curve with symplectic area smaller than E, then the number of the pre-images of p is bounded, and the bound is independent of v. We also provide a uniform Hofer's energy bound for J-holomorphic curves in M\p based on the symplectic area. Using these two results we compactify the moduli space of J-holomorphic curves in M by adding holomorphic buildings at the point p.
