On plane algebraic curves the so-called Weierstrass kernel plays the same role of the Cauchy kernel on the complex plane. A straightforward prescription to construct the Weierstrass kernel is known since one century. How can it be extended to the case of more general curves obtained from the intersection of hypersurfaces in a $n$ dimensional complex space? This problem is solved in this work in the case $n=3$. As an application, the correlation functions of bosonic string theories are constructed on a canonical curve of genus four.
We study elliptically fibered K3 surfaces, with sections, in toric Fano threefolds which satisfy certain combinatorial properties relevant to F-theory/Heterotic duality. We show that some of these conditions are equivalent to the existence of an appropriate notion of a Weierstrass model adapted to the toric context. Moreover, we show that if in addition other conditions are satisfied, there exists a toric semistable degeneration of the elliptic K3 surface which is compatible with the elliptic fibration and F-theory/Heterotic duality.
Let $φ:Σ_1\longrightarrow \mathbb{P}^2$ be a blow up at a point on $\mathbb{P}^2$. Let $C$ be the proper transform of a smooth plane curve of degree $d\geq 4$ by $φ$, and let $P$ be a point on $C$. Let $π:\tilde{C}\longrightarrow C$ be a double covering branched along the reduced divisor on $C$ obtained as the intersection of $C$ and a reduced divisor in $|-2K_{Σ_1}|$ containing $P$. In this paper, we investigate the Weierstrass semigroup $H(\tilde{P})$ at the ramification point $\tilde{P}$ of $π$ over $P$, in the case where the intersection multiplicity at $φ(P)$ of $φ(C)$ and the tangent lin…
We give finite presentations for the fundamental group of moduli stacks of smooth Weierstrass curves over complex projective space P^n which extend the classical result for elliptic curves to positive dimensional base. We thus get natural generalisations of SL_2(Z) and pave the way to understanding the fundamental group of moduli stacks of elliptic surfaces in general. Our approach exploits the natural involution on Weierstrass curves and the identification of its fixed loci with smooth hypersurfaces in an appropriate linear system on a projective line bundle over P^n. The fundamental group of…
C.T.C. Wall and the first author discovered an extension of Arnold's strange duality embracing on one hand series of bimodal hypersurface singularities and on the other, isolated complete intersection singularities. In this paper, we derive this duality from the mirror symmetry and the Berglund-Hübsch transposition of invertible polynomials.
This paper, motivated by problems in Diophantine analysis which can be formulated as problems of finding rational points on the intersection of two quadrics, presents an explicit construction of a rationally defined isomorphism (biregular mapping) between a rationally defined smooth intersection of two quadrics in projective three-space and an elliptic curve in Weierstrass form which maps a distinguished rational point to the point at infinity. The usual approach of transforming a smooth plane cubic to a curve in Weierstrass form by mapping an inflection point to the point at infinity in a par…
We consider a hypersurface in $\mathbb{C}^n$ with an isolated singular point at the origin, and study the mixed Hodge structure of the stalk of its intersection cohomology complex at the origin. In particular we express the dimension of each graded piece of the weight filtration of this mixed Hodge structure in terms of the numbers of the Jordan blocks in the Milnor monodromy.
We study the intersection of two particular Fermat hypersurfaces in $\mathbb{P}^3$ over a finite field. Using the Kani-Rosen decomposition we study arithmetic properties of this curve in terms of its quotients. Explicit computation of the quotients is done using a Gröbner basis algorithm. We also study the $p$-rank, zeta function, and number of rational points, of the modulo $p$ reduction of the curve. We show that the Jacobian of the genus 2 quotient is $(4,4)$-split.
On one hand, for a general Calabi-Yau complete intersection X, we establish a decomposition, up to rational equivalence, of the small diagonal in X^3, from which we deduce that any decomposable 0-cycle of degree 0 is in fact rationally equivalent to 0, up to torsion. On the other hand, we find a similar decomposition of the smallest diagonal in a higher power of a hypersurface, which provides us an analogous result on the multiplicative structure of its Chow ring.
We prove a version of the BKK theorem for the ring of conditions of a spherical homogeneous space $G/H$. We also introduce the notion of ring of complete intersections, firstly for a spherical homogeneous space and secondly for an arbitrary variety. Similarly to the ring of conditions of the torus, the ring of complete intersections of $G/H$ admits a description in terms of volumes of polytopes.
We compare the sets of Calabi-Yau threefolds with large Hodge numbers that are constructed using toric hypersurface methods with those can be constructed as elliptic fibrations using Weierstrass model techniques motivated by F-theory. There is a close correspondence between the structure of "tops" in the toric polytope construction and Tate form tunings of Weierstrass models for elliptic fibrations. We find that all of the Hodge number pairs ($h^{1, 1},h^{2, 1}$) with $h^{1,1}$ or $h^{2, 1}\geq 240$ that are associated with threefolds in the Kreuzer-Skarke database can be realized explicitly b…
We prove that every connected component of an intersection of tropical hypersurfaces contains a point of their stable intersection unless their stable intersection is empty. This is done by studying algebraic hypersurfaces that tropicalize to them and the tropicalization of their intersection.
Let X/S be a hyperelliptic curve of genus g over the spectrum of a discrete valuation ring. Two fundamental numerical invariants are attached to X/S: the valuation of the hyperelliptic discriminant of X/S, and the valuation of the Mumford discriminant of X/S (equivalently, the Artin conductor). For a residue field of characteristic 0 as well as for X/S semistable these invariants are known to satisfy certain inequalities. We prove an exact formula relating the two invariants with intersection theoretic data determined by the distribution of Weierstrass points over the special fiber, in the sem…
We establish the Hodge conjecture for some subvarieties of a class of toric varieties. First we study quasi-smooth intersections in a projective simplicial toric variety, which is a suitable notion to generalize smooth complete intersection subvarieties in the toric environment, and in particular quasi-smooth hypersurfaces. We show that under appropriate conditions, the Hodge Conjecture holds for a very general quasi-smooth intersection subvariety, generalizing the work on quasi-smooth hypersurfaces of the first author and Grassi in [3]. We also show that the Hodge Conjecture holds asymptotica…
We give upper bounds for the dimension of the set of hypersurfaces of $\mathbb{P}^N$ whose intersection with a fixed integral projective variety is not integral. Our upper bounds are optimal. As an application, we construct, when possible, hypersurfaces whose intersections with all the varieties of a family of integral projective varieties are integral. The degree of the hypersurfaces we construct is explicit. ----- On majore la dimension de l'ensemble des hypersurfaces de $\mathbb{P}^N$ dont l'intersection avec une variété projective intègre fixée n'est pas intègre. Les majorations obtenues s…
We ask when certain complete intersections of codimension $r$ can lie on a generic hypersurface in $\PP^n$. We give a complete answer to this question when $2r \leq n+2$ in terms of the degrees of the hypersurfaces and of the degrees of the generators of the complete intersection.
A classical result of Boole shows that, in characteristic 0, the set of singular degree d hypersurfaces in P^N is a divisor of degree (N+1)(d-1)^N in the projective space of all hypersurfaces. We give here analogous formulae for complete intersections in P^N of arbitrary codimension and degrees, in any characteristic. ----- Un resultat classique de Boole montre que, sur un corps de caracteristique 0, l'ensemble des hypersurfaces singulieres de degre d dans P^N est un diviseur de degre (N+1)(d-1)^N de l'espace projectif de toutes les hypersurfaces. On obtient ici des formules analogues pour des…
Let $W\subset \mathbb {P}^n$, $n\ge 3$, be a degree $k$ hypersurface. Consider a "general" reducible, but connected, curve $Y\subset \mathbb {P}^n$, for instance a sufficiently general connected and nodal union of lines with $p_a(Y)=0$, i.e. a tree of lines. We study the Hilbert function of the set $Y\cap W$ with cardinality $k°(Y)$ and prove when it is the expected one. We give complete classification of the exceptions for $k=2$ and for $n=k=3$. We apply these results and tools to the case in which $Y$ is a smooth curve with $\mathcal {O}_Y(1)$ non-special.
We consider the closed locus of $r$-tuples of hypersurfaces in $\mathbb{P}^r$ with positive dimensional intersection, and show in a large range of degrees that its largest component is the locus of $r$-tuples of hypersurfaces whose intersection contains a line. We then apply our methods to obtain new results on the largest components of the locus of hypersurfaces with positive dimensional singular loci and the locus of smooth hypersurfaces with a higher dimensional family of lines through a point than expected.
In this paper, we prove a Clifford type inequality for the curve $X_{2,2,2,4}$, which is the intersection of a quartic and three general quadratics in $\mathbb{P}^5$. We thus prove a stronger Bogomolov-Gieseker inequality for characters of stable vector bundles and stable objects on $X_{2,4}$. Applying the scheme proposed by Bayer, Bertram, Macrì, Stellari and Toda, we can construct an open subset of Bridgeland stability conditions on $X_{2,4}$.
For every even number $n$, and every $n$-dimensional smooth hypersurface of $\mathbb{P}^{n+1}$ of degree $d$, we compute the periods of all its $\frac{n}{2}$-dimensional complete intersection algebraic cycles. Furthermore, we determine the image of the given algebraic cycle under the cycle class map inside the De Rham cohomology group of the corresponding hypersurface in terms of its Griffiths basis and the polarization. As an application, we use this information to address variational Hodge conjecture for a non complete intersection algebraic cycle. We prove that the locus of general hypersur…
Our main theorem characterizes the complete intersections of codimension 2 in a projective space of dimension 3 or more over an algebraically closed field of characteristic 0 as the subcanonical and self-linked subschemes. In order to prove this theorem, we'll prove the Gherardelli linkage theorem, which asserts that a partial intersection of two hypersurfaces is subcanonical if and only if its residual intersection is, scheme-theoretically, the intersection of the two hypersurfaces with a third.
Recently it has been proved that any arithmetically Cohen-Macaulay (ACM) bundle of rank two on a general, smooth hypersurface of degree at least three and dimension at least four is a sum of line bundles. When the dimension of the hypersurface is three, a similar result is true provided the degree of the hypersurface is at least six. We extend these results to complete intersection subvarieties by proving that any ACM bundle of rank two on a general, smooth complete intersection subvariety of sufficiently high multi-degree and dimension at least four splits. We also obtain partial results in t…
The Debarre-de Jong conjecture predicts that the Fano variety of lines on a smooth Fano hypersurface in $\mathbb{P}^n$ is always of the expected dimension. We generalize this conjecture to the case of Fano complete intersections and prove that for a Fano complete intersection $X\subset \mathbb{P}^n$ of hypersurfaces whose degrees sum to at most 7, the Fano variety of lines on $X$ has the expected dimension.
We establish a link between the GIT stability of complete intersections of same degree hypersurfaces in the same ambient projective space, which can be parametrised as tuples in a Grassmanian scheme, and the log canonical thresholds of hypersurfaces contained in these tuples. We also establish a similar link in the case of Variations of GIT quotients, where we consider tuples of complete intersections and distinct hyperplanes.
Here we study the projective geometry of smooth models $X_n \subseteq \mathbb{P}^4$ of plane Suzuki curves $S_n$. The knowledge of a system of generators for the Weierstrass semigroup at the only singular point of the curve is shown to have relevant geometric consequences. In particular, here we explicitly count the hypersurfaces of $\mathbb{P}^4$ containing $X_n$ and provide a geometric characterization of those of small degree. We prove that the characterization cannot be extended to higher-degree hypersurfaces of $\mathbb{P}^4$.
Using ideas from the theory of tropical curves and degeneration, we prove that any Fano hypersurface (and more generally Fano complete intersections) is swept by at most quadratic rational curves.
We prove the Integral Hodge Conjecture for curve classes on smooth varieties of dimension at least three with nef anticanonical divisor constructed as a complete intersection of ample hypersurfaces in a smooth toric variety. In particular, this includes the case of smooth anticanonical hypersurfaces in toric Fano varieties. In fact, using results of Casagrande and the toric MMP, we prove that in each case, $H_2(X,\mathbb{Z})$ is generated by classes of rational curves.
In this note, we investigate the maximal number of intersection points of a line with the contour of hypersurface amoebas in $\mathbb{R}^n$. We define the latter number to be the $\mathbb{R}$-degree of the contour. We also investigate the $\mathbb{R}$-degree of related sets such as the boundary of amoebas and the amoeba of the real part of hypersurfaces defined over $\mathbb{R}$. For all these objects, we provide bounds for the respective $\mathbb{R}$-degrees.
Amoebas are projections of complex algebraic varieties in the algebraic torus under a Log-absolute value map, which have connections to various mathematical subjects. While amoebas of hypersurfaces have been intensively studied in recent years, the non-hypersurface case is barely understood so far. We investigate intersections of amoebas of $n$ hypersurfaces in $(\mathbb{C}^*)^n$, which are canonical supersets of amoebas given by non-hypersurface varieties. Our main results are amoeba analogs of Bernstein's Theorem and Bézout's Theorem providing an upper bound for the number of connected compo…
The purpose of this paper is to point out a relation between the canonical sheaf and the intersection complex of a singular algebraic variety. We focus on the hypersurface case. Let $M$ be a complex manifold, $X\subset M$ a singular hypersurface. We study residues of top-dimensional meromorphic forms with poles along $X$. Applying resolution of singularities sometimes we are able to construct residue classes either in $L^2$-cohomology of $X$ or in the intersection cohomology. The conditions allowing to construct these classes coincide. They can be formulated in terms of the weight filtration. …
We prove that any arithmetically Gorenstein curve on a smooth, general hypersurface $X\subset \bbP^{4}$ of degree at least 6, is a complete intersection. This gives a characterisation of complete intersection curves on general type hypersurfaces in $\bbP^4$. We also verify that certain 1-cycles on a general quintic hypersurface are non-trivial elements of the Griffiths group.
In this paper, we develop the theory of Jacobian rings of open complete intersections, which mean a pair $(X,Z)$ where $X$ is a smooth complete intersection in the projective space and and $Z$ is a simple normal crossing divisor in $X$ whose irreducible components are smooth hypersurface sections on $X$. Our Jacobian rings give an algebraic description of the cohomology of the open complement $X-Z$ and it is a natural generalization of the Poincaré residue representation of the cohomology of a hypersurface originally invented by Griffiths. The main results generalize the Macaulay's duality the…
In this paper, we consider a problem of counting multiplicities. We fix a counting function of multiplicity of rational points in a hypersurface of a projective space over a finite field, and we give an upper bound for the sum with respect to this counting function in terms of the degree of the hypersurface, the dimension and the cardinality of the finite field. This upper bound gives a description of the complexity of the singular locus of this hypersurface. In order to obtain this upper bound, we introduce a notion called intersection tree by intersection theory. We construct a sequence of i…
We prove that a complete intersection of $c$ very general hypersurfaces of degree at least two in $N$-dimensional complex projective space is not ruled (and therefore not rational) provided that the sum of the degrees of the hypersurfaces is at least $\tfrac{2}{3} N + c + 1$. To this end we consider a degeneration to positive characteristic, following Kollár. Our argument does not require a resolution of the singularities of the special fiber of the degeneration. It relies on a generalization of Kollár's "algebraic Morse lemma" that controls the dimensions of the second-order Thom-Boardman sin…
In this series of lectures, I will discuss results for complex hypersurfaces with non-isolated singularities. In Lecture 1, I will review basic definitions and results on complex hypersurfaces, and then present classical material on the Milnor fiber and fibration. In Lecture 2, I will present basic results from Morse theory, and use them to prove some results about complex hypersurfaces, including a proof of Lê's attaching result for Milnor fibers of non-isolated hypersurface singularities. This will include defining the relative polar curve. Lecture 3 will begin with a discussion of intersect…
Let n > 2 and let d < (n+1)/2. We prove that for a general hypersurface X of degree d in P^n, all the genus 0 Kontsevich moduli spaces M_{0,n}(X,e) are irreducible, reduced, local complete intersection stacks of the expected dimension.
The classical version of Bézout's Theorem gives an integer-valued count of the intersection points of hypersurfaces in projective space over an algebraically closed field. Using work of Kass and Wickelgren, we prove a version of Bézout's Theorem over any perfect field by giving a bilinear form-valued count of the intersection points of hypersurfaces in projective space. Over non-algebraically closed fields, this enriched Bézout's Theorem imposes a relation on the gradients of the hypersurfaces at their intersection points. As corollaries, we obtain arithmetic-geometric versions of Bézout's The…
For a projective variety $Z$ and for any integer $p$, define the $p$-th Néron-Severi group $NS_p(Z)$ of $Z$ as the image of the cycle map $A_{p}(Z)\to H_{2p}(Z; \mathbb{C})$. Now let $X\subset \Ps^{2m+1}$ ($m\geq 1$) be a projective variety of dimension $2m-1$, with isolated singularities, complete intersection of a smooth hypersurface of degree $k$, with a hypersurface of degree $n>max\{k, 2m+1\}$, and let $F$ be a general hypersurface of degree $n$ containing $X$. We prove that the natural map $NS_m(X)\to NS_m(F)$ is surjective, and that if $dim NS_m(F)=1$ then $dim NS_m(X)=1$. In particular…
In this work we study algebraic, geometric and topological properties of the Milnor classes of local complete intersections with arbitrary singularities. We describe first the Milnor class of the intersection of a finite number of hypersurfaces, under certain conditions of transversality, in terms of the Milnor classes of the hypersurfaces. Using this description we obtain a Parusiński-Pragacz type formula, an Aluffi type formula and a description of the Milnor class of the local complete intersection in terms of the global Lê cycles of the hypersurfaces that define it. We consider next the ge…
Generalized Hypergeometric Functions for Degree k Hypersurface in CP^{N-1} and Intersection Numbers of Moduli Space of Quasimaps from CP^{1} with Two Marked Points to CP^{N-1}
本文将 CP^{N-1} 中 k 次超曲面的镜像计算所用广义超几何函数实现为带两个标记点的拟映射模空间相交数的生成函数，建立了超曲面镜像对称与拟映射计数之间的具体联系。
The Milnor number, μ(X,0), and the singularity genus, p_g(X,0), are fundamental invariants of isolated hypersurface singularities (more generally, of local complete intersections). The long standing Durfee conjecture (and its generalization) predicted the inequality μ(X,0) \geq (n+1)!p_g(X,0), here n=dim(X,0). Recently we have constructed counterexamples, proposed a corrected bound and verified it for the homogeneous complete intersections. In the current paper we treat the case of germs with Newton-non-degenerate principal part when the Newton diagrams are "large enough", i.e. they are large …
We investigate the spaces of rational curves on a general hypersurface. In particular, we show that for a general degree $d$ hypersurface in $\mathbb{P}^n$ with $n \geq d+2$, the space $\overline{\mathcal{M}_{0,0}}(X,e)$ of degree $e$ Kontsevich stable maps from a rational curve to $X$ is an irreducible local complete intersection stack of dimension $e(n-d+1)+n-4$.
Let $V$ be a degree $d$, reduced hypersurface in $\mathbb{CP}^{n+1}$, $n \geq 1$, and fix a generic hyperplane, $H$. Denote by $\mathcal{U}$ the (affine) hypersurface complement, $\mathbb{CP}^{n+1}- V \cup H$, and let $\mathcal{U}^c$ be the infinite cyclic covering of $\mathcal{U}$ corresponding to the kernel of the linking number homomorphism. Using intersection homology theory, we give a new construction of the Alexander modules $H_i(\mathcal{U}^c;\mathbb{Q})$ of the hypersurface complement and show that, if $i \leq n$, these are torsion over the ring of rational Laurent polynomials. We also…
Period Integrals (Givental's I-function) of Calabi-Yau Hypersurface in $CP^{N-1}$ and Intersection Numbers of Moduli Space of Quasimaps from $CP^1$ with Two Marked Points to $CP^{N-1}$
I will present an explicit formula for the intersection indices of the Chern classes of an arbitrary reductive group with hypersurfaces. This formula has the following applications. First, it allows to compute explicitly the Euler characteristic of complete intersections in reductive groups. Second, for any regular compactification of a reductive group, it computes the intersection indices of the Chern classes of the compactification with hypersurfaces. The formula is similar to the Brion--Kazarnovskii formula for the intersection indices of hypersurfaces in reductive groups. The proof uses an…
It is well-known that theta characteristics on smooth plane curves over a field of characteristic different from two are in bijection with certain smooth complete intersections of three quadrics. We generalize this bijection to possibly singular hypersurfaces of any dimension over arbitrary fields including those of characteristic two. It is accomplished in terms of linear orbits of tuples of symmetric matrices instead of smooth complete intersections of quadrics. As an application of our methods, we give a description of the projective automorphism groups of complete intersections of quadrics…
A tropical complete intersection curve C in R^(n+1) is a transversal intersection of n smooth tropical hypersurfaces. We give a formula for the number of vertices of C given by the degrees of the tropical hypersurfaces. We also compute the genus of C (defined as the number of independent cycles of C) when C is smooth and connected.
