Christopher B. Croke
We show that the volume of any Riemannian metric on a three sphere is bounded below by the length of the shortest closed curve that links its antipodal image. In particular, the volume is bounded below by the minimum of the length of the shortest closed geodesic and the minimal distance between antipodal points.
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We obtain sharp volume bound for a conic 2-sphere in terms of its Gaussian curvature bound. We also give the geometric models realizing the extremal volume. In particular, when the curvature is bounded in absolute value by $1$, we compute the minimal volume of a conic sphere in the sense of Gromov. In order to apply the level set analysis and iso-perimetric inequality as in our previous works, we develop some new analytical tools to treat regions with vanishing curvature.
The volume of a k-dimensional foliation $\mathcal{F}$ in a Riemannian manifold $M^{n}$ is defined as the mass of image of the Gauss map, which is a map from M to the Grassmann bundle of k-planes in the tangent bundle. Generalizing a construction by Gluck and Ziller, "singular" foliations by 3-spheres are constructed on round spheres $S^{4n+3}$, as well as a singular foliation by 7-spheres on $S^{15}$, which minimize volume within their respective relative homology classes. These singular examples provide lower bounds for volumes of regular 3-dimensional foliations of $S^{4n+3}$ and regular 7-d…
The CR-Volume of Horizontal Submanifolds of Spheres
本文针对奇数维球面中的 Legendrian 或水平子流形，提出在 CR-自同构下不变的 CR-体积，并将其用于相应的 Willmore 能量。
Let $M$ be a smooth, connected, compact submanifold of $\mathbb{R}^n$ without boundary and of dimension $k\geq 2$. Let $\mathbb{S}^k \subset \mathbb{R}^{k+1}\subset \mathbb{R}^n$ denote the $k$-dimesnional unit sphere. We show if $M$ has reach equal to one, then its volume satisfies $\text{vol}(M)\geq \text{vol}(\mathbb{S}^k)$ with equality holding only if $M$ is congruent to $\mathbb{S}^k$.
How large can be the width of Riemannian three-spheres of the same volume in the same conformal class? If a maximum value is attained, how does a maximising metric look like? What happens as the conformal class changes? In this paper, we investigate these and other related questions, focusing on the context of Simon-Smith min-max theory.
For $n\geq 1$, we exhibit a lower bound for the volume of a unit vector field on $\mathbb{S}^{2n+1}\backslash\{\pm p\}$ depending on the absolute values of its Poincaré indices around $\pm p$. We determine which vector fields achieve this volume, and discuss the idea of having multiple isolated singularities of arbitrary configurations.
Bray's football theorem (\cite{bray2009penrose}) is a weakening of Bishop theorem in dimension 3. It gives a sharp volume upper bound for a three dimensional manifold with scalar curvature larger than $n(n-1)$ and Ricci curvature larger than $\varepsilon$. This paper extends Bray's football theorem in high dimensions, assuming the manifold is axis symmetric or the Ricci curvature has an upper bound.
Volume gap between the minimal submanifold and the unit sphere
本文通过改进Cheng-Li-Yau方法中的常数系数并利用Cheng-Yang的Laplacian特征值估计，扩大了极小子流形与单位球面之间的体积间隙。
We determine the lengths of all closed sub-Riemannian geodesics on the three-sphere. Our methods are elementary and allow us to avoid using explicit formulas for the sub-Riemannian geodesics.
A genus-zero surface with bounded curvature enclosing less volume than the unit sphere
该研究构造了一个曲率有界且体积小于单位球的零 genus 表面，解决了关于主曲率限制下最小体积问题的公开问题。
We show that the shortest closed geodesic on a 2-sphere with non-negative curvature has length bounded above by three times the diameter. We prove a new isoperimetric inequality for 2-spheres with pinched curvature; this allows us to improve our bound on the length of the shortest closed geodesic in the pinched curvature setting.
We study the negative gradient flow of the spinorial energy functional (introduced by Ammann, Weiß, and Witt) on 3-dimensional Berger spheres. For a certain class of spinors we show that the Berger spheres collapse to a 2-dimensional sphere. Moreover, for special cases, we prove that the volume-normalized standard 3-sphere together with a Killing spinor is a stable critical point of the volume-normalized version of the flow. Our results also include an example of a critical point of the volume-normalized flow on the 3-sphere, which is not a Killing spinor.
Recently, F. Balacheff proved that the Calabi-Croke sphere made of two flat 1-unit-side equilateral triangles glued along their boundaries is a local extremum for the length of the shortest closed geodesic among the Riemannian spheres with conical singularities of fixed area. We give an alternative proof of this theorem, which does not make use of the uniformization theorem, and extend the result to Finsler metrics.
We establish sharp universal upper bounds on the length of the shortest closed geodesic on a punctured sphere with three or four ends endowed with a complete Riemannian metric of finite area. These sharp curvature-free upper bounds are expressed in terms of the area of the punctured sphere. In both cases, we describe the extremal metrics, which are modeled on the Calabi-Croke sphere or the tetrahedral sphere. We also extend these optimal inequalities for reversible and non-necessarily reversible Finsler metrics. In this setting, we obtain optimal bounds for spheres with a larger number of punc…
The goal of this article is to establish estimates involving the Yamabe minimal volume, mixed minimal volume and some topological invariants on compact 4-manifolds. In addition, we provide topological sphere theorems for compact submanifolds of spheres and Euclidean spaces, provided that the full norm of the second fundamental form is suitably bounded.
Let $M$ be a Riemannian $2$-sphere. A classical theorem of Lyusternik and Shnirelman asserts the existence of three distinct simple non-trivial periodic geodesics on $M$. In this paper we prove that there exist three simple periodic geodesics with lengths that do not exceed $20d$, where $d$ is the diameter of $M$. We also present an upper bound that depends only on the area and diameter for the lengths of the three simple periodic geodesics with positive indices that appear as minimax critical values in the classical proofs of the Lyusternik-Shnirelman theorem. Finally, we present better bound…
Volume spectrum of fiber bundles and the widths of Berger spheres
本文证明纤维丛体积谱的上界不等式，并推广至相变谱，进而计算 Berger 球面的低宽度，揭示赤道球面在两种设定下达到特定宽度而非更低宽度。
The relative volume function and the capacity of sphere on asymptotically hyperbolic manifolds
本文在渐近双曲流形上定义并研究了相对体积函数的正则性，据此精确刻画测地定义函数的高度，并应用于球体容量的极限分析。
This paper applies the authors' forthcoming work, "Affine deformations of a three-holed sphere" in Lorentzian geometry to prove a result in hyperbolic geometry. Namely, an infinitesimal deformation of a hyperbolic structure of a three-holed sphere which infinitesimally lengthens the three boundary components infinitesimally lengthens every closed geodesic. The proof interprets the derivative of the geodesic length function as the Margulis invariant (signed marked Lorentzian length spectrum) of the corresponding affine deformation. The aforementioned results imply that the affine deformation is…
Volume gap for minimal submanifolds in spheres
研究单位球中闭极小曲面\(f:M^n\looparrowright \mathbb{S}^{N}\)，证明了相关体积不等式，给出等式成立条件。通过应用验证了Yau猜想非嵌入情形，还得到常数量曲率极小超曲面体积间隙及其他体积间隙和相关挤压刚性。
We show that for every complete Riemannian surface $M$ diffeomorphic to a sphere with $k \geq 0$ holes there exists a Morse function $f:M \rightarrow \mathbb{R}$, which is constant on each connected component of the boundary of $M$ and has fibers of length no more than $52 \sqrt{Area(M)}+length(\partial M)$. We also show that on every 2-sphere there exists a simple closed curve of length $\leq 26 \sqrt{Area(S^2)}$ subdividing the sphere into two discs of area $\geq \frac{1}{3}Area(S^2)$
In this paper we investigate the flow of surfaces by a class of symmetric functions of the principal curvatures with a mixed volume constraint. We consider compact surfaces without boundary that can be written as a graph over a sphere. The linearisation of the resulting fully nonlinear PDE is used to prove a short time existence theorem for a large class of surfaces that are sufficiently close to a sphere and, using center manifold analysis, the stability of the sphere as a stationary solution to the flow is determined. We will find that for initial surfaces sufficiently close to a sphere, the…
We prove: "If $M$ is a compact hypersurface of the hyperbolic space, convex by horospheres and evolving by the volume preserving mean curvature flow, then it flows for all time, convexity by horospheres is preserved and the flow converges, exponentially, to a geodesic sphere". In addition, we show that the same conclusions about long time existence and convergence hold if $M$ is not convex by horospheres but it is close enough to a geodesic sphere.
Paper withdrawn by the author.
We study stable surfaces, i.e., second order minima of the area for variations of fixed volume, in sub-Riemannian space forms of dimension $3$. We prove a stability inequality and provide sufficient conditions ensuring instability of volume-preserving area-stationary $C^2$ surfaces with a non-empty singular set of curves. Combined with previous results, this allows to describe any complete, orientable, embedded and stable $C^2$ surface $Σ$ in the Heisenberg group $\mathbb{H}^1$ and the sub-Riemannian sphere $\mathbb{S}^3$ of constant curvature $1$. In $\mathbb{H}^1$ we conclude that $Σ$ is a E…
We study the question when a manifold that fibers over a sphere can be rationally essential, or even have positive simplicial volume. More concretely, we show that mapping tori of manifolds (whose fundamental groups can be quite arbitrary) of odd dimension at least 7 with non-zero simplicial volume are very common. This contrasts the case of fiber bundles over a sphere of dimension d > 1: we prove that their total spaces are rationally inessential if d is at least 3, and always have simplicial volume 0. Using a result by Dranishnikov, we also deduce a surprising property of macroscopic dimensi…
We show that, the solutions of the isoperimetric problem for small volumes are $C^{2,α}$-close to small spheres. On the way, we define a class of submanifolds called pseudo balls, defined by an equation weaker than constancy of mean curvature. We show that in a neighborhood of each point of a compact riemannian manifold, there is a unique family concentric pseudo balls which contains all the pseudo balls $C^{2,α}$-close to small spheres. This allows us to reduce the isoperimetric problem for small volumes to a variational problem in finite dimension.
We study critical trajectories in the sphere for the $1/2$-Bernoulli's bending functional with length constraint. For every Lagrange multiplier encoding the conservation of the length during the variation, we show the existence of infinitely many closed trajectories which depend on a pair of relatively prime natural numbers. A geometric description of these numbers and the relation with the shape of the corresponding critical trajectories is also given.
We prove that the first positive eigenvalue, normalized by the volume, of the sub-Laplacian associated with a strictly pseudoconvex pseudo-Hermitian structure $\θ$ on the CR sphere S 2n+1 $\subset$ C n+1 , achieves its maximum when $\θ$ is the standard contact form.
Minimal tubes of the sphere as the dimension grows: Volume and explosion of the mean exit time
研究球面上极小嵌入子流形管状邻域中布朗运动平均退出时间，通过径向移植建立双侧界，发现其随子流形维数增大而发散，随余维数增大而趋于零，并推导体积界与Weyl公式比较。
We consider the dynamic property of the volume preserving mean curvature flow. This flow was introduced by Huisken who also proved it converges to a round sphere of the same enclosed volume if the initial hypersurface is strictly convex in Euclidean space. We study the stability of this flow in hyperbolic space. In particular, we prove that if the initial hypersurface is hyperbolically mean convex and close to an umbilical sphere in the $L^2$-sense, then the flow exists for all time and converges exponentially to an umbilical sphere.
Quantitative $C^1$-stability of spheres in rank one symmetric spaces of non-compact type
本文证明在非紧型秩一对称空间中，测地球面在微小 $C^1$-保体积扰动下具有一致的定量稳定性，利用 Laplacian 显式谱隙量化周长增加，并定量证明了小体积下测地球面为等周区域。
Let $M^n$ be a closed Riemannian manifold of dimension $n\geq 2$, with Ricci curvature $Ric \geq n-1$. We will show that any sphere of dimension $m$ in the space of closed loops on $M^n$ is homotopic to the sphere in the space of closed loops of length at most $8 πm$. It follows that the length of a shortest periodic geodesic on $M^n$ is bounded from above by $8 π(n-1)$.
We address two fundamental and well-known problems of Gromov and Lyndon: \demo{Problem A} (Gromov, see [5]). Consider a category $M_n$ of closed manifolds of dimension $n$ with nonzero-degree ways as morphisms. Study a partial order $M \ge N \Leftrightarrow Mor (M, N) \neq ϕ$. For which $N$ the degrees of maps $f: M \to N$ are bounded for all $M$? \demo{Problem B} (Lyndon, [12], problem 13). Extend and relate the theories of deficiency, the rate of growth and the Euler-Poincaré characteristic. In particular, what influence does the deficiency have on the structure of an infinite group?
Riemannian 3-spheres that are hard to sweep out by short curves
构造一族直径和体积小于1的黎曼三维球面，其中满足拓扑条件的双参数闭曲线族必含长于任意给定L的曲线，并阻碍极小极大方法对最短闭测地线及正交测地弦长度的估计。
We study a volume/area preserving curvature flow of hypersurfaces that are convex by horospheres in the hyperbolic space, with velocity given by a generic positive, increasing function of the mean curvature, not necessarly homogeneous. For this class of speeds we prove the exponential convergence to a geodesic sphere. The proof is ispired by [10] and is based on the preserving of the convexity by horospheres that allows to bound the inner and outer radii and to give uniform bounds on the curvature by maximum principle arguments. In order to deduce the exponential trend, we study the behaviour …
We prove the absence of a universal diameter bound on lengths of curves in a sweep-out of a Riemannian 2-sphere. If such bound existed it would yield a simple proof of existence of short geodesic segments and closed geodesics on a sphere of small diameter.
We present a construction of a canonical G_2 structure on the unit sphere tangent bundle S_M of any given orientable Riemannian 4-manifold M. Such structure is never geometric or 1-flat, but seems full of other possibilities. We start by the study of the most basic properties of our construction. The structure is co-calibrated if, and only if, M is an Einstein manifold. The fibres are always associative. In fact, the associated 3-form results from a linear combination of three other volume 3-forms, one of which is the volume of the fibres. We also give new examples of co-calibrated structures …
Non-compact Ricci Solitons of Finite Volume with Potential Field of Constant Length
研究具有常长度势场的有限体积非紧Ricci孤子，在特定假设下证明其平凡性，作为应用得到相关Ricci孤子的刚性和不存在性结果，在三维中有进一步推导及与相关分类比较，还给出例子和反例说明假设必要性。
We present a systematic calculation of the volumes of compact manifolds which appear in physics: spheres, projective spaces, group manifolds and generalized flag manifolds. In each case we state what we believe is the most natural scale or normalization of the manifold, that is, the generalization of the unit radius condition for spheres. For this aim we first describe the manifold with some parameters, set up a metric, which induces a volume element, and perform the integration for the adequate range of the parameters; in most cases our manifolds will be either spheres or (twisted) products o…
Vector fields with big and small volume on the 2-sphere
本文研究2-球面上去掉对径点的黎曼曲面上的极小体积向量场问题，通过同调理论与校准方法，原创性地找到了一族体积无界的极小向量场，还发现了一个体积小于已知最优场的新向量场。
Supersqueezed sphere
本文构造了$\mathbb{R}^3$中亏格为0、法曲率绝对值不超过1且包围体积小于单位球的光滑闭曲面实例，否定回答了Dmitri Burago和Anton Petrunin提出的相关问题。
Geometric $C^1$-stability of geodesic spheres under volume-preserving mean curvature flow
该研究在单连通空间形式中，通过定量Alexandrov反射论证，证明保体积平均曲率流下测地球面的几何C¹稳定性，得到长时间存在性、最终凸性及光滑指数收敛结果。
Application of Chern-Simons gauge theory to the enclosed volume of constant mean curvature surfaces in the 3-sphere
基于Hitchin的工作，本文推导出三维球面中紧致CMC曲面所围体积的公式，该公式由Chern-Simons丛上的和乐与Willmore泛函表示，并通过多例验证了其有效性。
The simple length spectrum of a Riemannian manifold is the set of lengths of its simple closed geodesics. We prove a theorem claimed by Lusternik: in any Riemannian 2-sphere whose simple length spectrum consists of only one element L, any geodesic is simple closed with length L.
We show that in Euclidean 3-space any closed curve which lies outside the unit sphere and contains the sphere within its convex hull has length at least $4π$. Equality holds only when the curve is composed of $4$ semicircles of length $π$, arranged in the shape of a baseball seam, as conjectured by V. A. Zalgaller in 1996.
Scalar curvature, volume, and Weil-Petersson translation length
本文在伪阿诺索夫映射环面上构造满足特定条件的度量，改进了相关不等式的常数，给出了伪阿诺索夫映射环面双曲体积与Weil-Petersson平移长度关系的新证明。
We study the isoperimetric structure of asymptotically flat Riemannian 3-manifolds (M,g) that are C^0-asymptotic to Schwarzschild of mass m>0. Refining an argument due to H. Bray we obtain an effective volume comparison theorem in Schwarzschild. We use it to show that isoperimetric regions exist in (M, g) for all sufficiently large volumes, and that they are close to centered coordinate spheres. This implies that the volume-preserving stable constant mean curvature spheres constructed by G. Huisken and S.-T. Yau as well as R. Ye as perturbations of large centered coordinate spheres minimize ar…
We prove a new inequality relating volume to length of closed geodesics on area minimizers for generic metrics on the complex projective plane. We exploit recent regularity results for area minimizers by Moore and White, and the Kronheimer--Mrowka proof of the Thom conjecture.
Length spectrum rigidity and flexibility of spheres of revolution with one equator
本文研究了具有一个赤道的旋转球体的长度谱刚性与柔韧性，证明了在特定对称性下标记长度谱决定度量，并给出了等谱类的显式描述。
Hyperideal tetrahedra are the fundamental building blocks of hyperbolic 3-manifolds with geodesic boundary. The study of their geometric properties (in particular, of their volume) has applications also in other areas of low-dimensional topology, like the computation of quantum invariants of 3-manifolds and the use of variational methods in the study of circle packings on surfaces. The Schläfli formula neatly describes the behaviour of the volume of hyperideal tetrahedra with respect to dihedral angles, while the dependence of volume on edge lengths is worse understood. In this paper we prove …
The present paper considers volume formulae, as well as trigonometric identities, that hold for a tetrahedron in 3-dimensional spherical space of constant sectional curvature +1. The tetrahedron possesses a certain symmetry: namely rotation through angle $π$ in the middle points of a certain pair of its skew edges.
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