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arXiv math-ph/9906022math-phmath.MP
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有效观测量的数学结构

On Mathematical Structure of Effective Observables

C. P. Viazminsky, James P. Vary

摘要:

我们将波函数的希尔伯特空间分解为两个子空间,并为给定的可观测量分配两个作用于模型空间的有效代表。第一个用来确定一些特征值的完整的观察,而第二个用来确定其矩阵元素,在任何基础上的一个子空间,在数量有关的模型空间。我们还表明,如果一个物理系统的哈密顿量具有对称性,那么这些对称性继续保持其有效的第一类型的代表。关于系统的最大信息可以根据两组有效代表来获得。第一组代表已经完成。其他不与完整集合的所有成员交换的观测量只有一种类型的代表。

英文摘要:

We decompose the Hilbert space of wave functions into two subspaces, and assign to a given observable two effective representatives that act in the model space. The first serves to determine some of the eigenvalues of the full observable, while the second serves to determine its matrix elements, in any basis in one of the subspaces, in terms of quantities pertaining to the model space. We also show that if the Hamiltonian of a physical system possesses symmetries then these symmetries continue to hold for its effective representatives of the first type. Maximum information about the system can be obtained in terms of two sets of effective representatives. The first set of representatives is complete. Other observables that do not commute with all members of the complete set have only one type of representative.

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