Martin Hallnäs
We review a recent construction of an explicit analytic series representation for symmetric polynomials which up to a groundstate factor are eigenfunctions of Calogero-Sutherland type models. We also indicate a generalisation of this result to polynomials which give the eigenfunctions of so-called 'deformed' Calogero-Sutherland type models.
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We solve perturbatively the quantum elliptic Calogero-Sutherland model in the regime in which the quotient between the real and imaginary semiperiods of the Weierstrass ${\cal P}$ function is small
We provide a list of explicit eigenfunctions of the trigonometric Calogero-Sutherland Hamiltonian associated to the root system of the exceptional Lie algebra E8. The quantum numbers of these solutions correspond to the first and second order weights of the Lie algebra.
We consider generalised Calogero-Moser-Sutherland quantum Hamiltonian $H$ associated with a configuration of vectors $AG_2$ on the plane which is a union of $A_2$ and $G_2$ root systems. The Hamiltonian $H$ depends on one parameter. We find an intertwining operator between $H$ and the Calogero-Moser-Sutherland Hamiltonian for the root system $G_2$. This gives a quantum integral for $H$ of order 6 in an explicit form thus establishing integrability of $H$.
We express the Hamiltonian of the quantum trigonometric Calogero-Sutherland model for the Lie algebra E8 and coupling constant k=1 by using the fundamental irreducible characters of the algebra as dynamical independent variables. Then, we compute the second order characters of the algebra and some higher order characters.
We develop a theory for the Hermite-Krichever Ansatz on the Heun equation. As a byproduct, we find formulae which reduce hyperelliptic integrals to elliptic ones.
We use generalized kernel functions to construct explicit solutions by integrals of the non-stationary Schrödinger equation for the Hamiltonian of the elliptic Calogero-Sutherland model (also known as elliptic Knizhnik-Zamolodchikov-Bernard equation). Our solutions provide integral represenations of elliptic generalizations of the Jack polyomials.
We propose and develop the Bethe Ansatz method for the Heun equation. As an application, holomorphy of the perturbation for the BC_1 Inozemtsev model from the trigonometric model is proved.
Calogero-Sutherland hyperbolic system and Heckman-Opdam $\mathfrak{gl}_n$ hypergeometric function
本文证明了双曲Calogero-Sutherland系统波函数的两种积分表示等价，并将其与Heckman-Opdam $\mathfrak{gl}_n$超几何函数关联。
Several topics related to quantum spin models of Calogero-Sutherland type, partially solvable spin chains and Polychronakos's "freezing trick" are rigorously studied.
The possibility of deformation of two body quantum Calogero-Moser-Sutherland models is studied. Obtained are some necessary conditions for the singular locus of the potential function. Such locus is determined if it consists of two, three or four lines. Furthermore, a new deformation of elliptic $B_{2}$ type Calogero-Moser-Sutherland model is explicitly constructed.
We consider the classical Calogero-Sutherland system with two types of interacting spin variables. It can be reduced to the standard Calogero-Sutherland system, when one of the spin variables vanishes. We describe the model in the Hitchin approach and prove complete integrability of the system by constructing the Lax pair and the classical $r$-matrix with the spectral parameter on a singular curve.
Quantum Calogero-Sutherland model of $A_n$ type is completely integrable. Using this fact, we give an elementary construction of lowering an raising operators for the trigonometric case. This is similar, but more complicated (due to the fact that the energy spectrum is not equidistant) than the construction for the rational case.
We use loop group techniques to construct a quantum field theory model of anyons on a circle and at finite temperature. We find an anyon Hamiltonian providing a second quantization of the elliptic Calogero-Sutherland model. This allows us to prove a remarkable identity which is a starting point for an algorithm to construct eigenfunctions and eigenvalues of the elliptic Calogero-Sutherland Hamiltonian (this algorithm is elaborated elsewhere). This paper contains a detailed introduction, technical details and proofs.
We obtain isomonodromic transformations for Heun's equation by generalizing Darboux transformation, and we find pairs and triplets of Heun's equation which have the same monodromy structure. By composing generalized Darboux transformations, we establish a new construction of the commuting operator which ensures finite-gap property. As an application, we prove conjectures in part III.
The quantum trigonometric Calogero-Sutherland models related to Lie algebras admit a parametrization in which the dynamical variables are the characters of the fundamental representations of the algebra. We develop here this approach for the case of the exceptional Lie algebra E6.
We consider trigonometric solutions of WDVV equations and derive geometric conditions when a collection of vectors with multiplicities determines such a solution. We incorporate these conditions into the notion of trigonometric Veselov system ($\vee$-system) and we determine all trigonometric $\vee$-systems with up to five vectors. We show that generalized Calogero-Moser-Sutherland operator admits a factorized eigenfunction if and only if it corresponds to the trigonometric $\vee$-system; this inverts a one-way implication observed by Veselov for the rational solutions.
We express the Hamiltonian of the quantum trigonometric Calogero-Sutherland model related to the Lie algebra $D_4$ in terms of a set of Weyl-invariant variables, namely, the characters of the fundamental representations of the Lie algebra. This parametrization allows us to solve for the energy eigenfunctions of the theory and to study properties of the system of orthogonal polynomials associated to them such as recurrence relations and generating functions.
We prove bispectral duality for the generalized Calogero-Moser-Sutherland systems related to configurations $A_{n,2}(m), C_n(l,m)$. The trigonometric axiomatics of Baker-Akhiezer function is modified, the dual difference operators of rational Macdonald type and the Baker-Akhiezer functions related to both series are explicitly constructed.
We present explicit formulas for the eigenvalues and eigenfunctions of the elliptic Calogero-Sutherland (eCS) model as formal power series to all orders in the nome of the elliptic functions, for arbitrary values of the (positive) coupling constant and particle number. Our solution gives explicit formulas for an elliptic deformation of the Jack polynomials.
We present a construction of an integrable model as a projective type limit of Calogero-Sutherland models of $N$ fermionic particles, when $N$ tends to infinity. Explicit formulas for limits of Dunkl operators and of commuting Hamiltonians by means of vertex operators are given.
We consider the generalised Calogero-Moser-Sutherland quantum integrable system associated to the configuration of vectors $AG_2$, which is a union of the root systems $A_2$ and $G_2$. We establish the existence of and construct a suitably defined Baker-Akhiezer function for the system, and we show that it satisfies bispectrality. We also find two corresponding dual difference operators of rational Macdonald-Ruijsenaars type in an explicit form.
Starting from the Hamiltonian formulation of supersymmetric Calogero models associated with the classical $A_n$, $B_n$, $C_n$ and $D_n$ series we construct the ${\cal N}{=}\,2$ and ${\cal N}{=}\,4$ supersymmetric extensions of the their hyperbolic/trigonometric Calogero-Sutherland cousins. The bosonic core of these models are the standard Calogero-Sutherland hyperbolic/trigonometric systems.
We apply a method of perturbation for the $BC_1$ Inozemtsev model from the trigonometric model and show the holomorphy of perturbation.Consequently, the convergence of eigenvalues and eigenfuncions which are expressed as formal power series is proved. We investigate also the relationship between $L^2$ space and some finite dimensional space of elliptic functions.
Kernel functions related to quantum many-body systems of Calogero-Sutherland type are discussed, in particular for the elliptic case. The main result is an elliptic generalization of an identity due to Sen that is a source for many such kernel functions. Applications are given, including simple exact eigenfunctions and corresponding eigenvalues of Chalykh-Feigin-Veselov-Sergeev-type deformations of the elliptic Calogero-Sutherland model for special parameter values.
We present a construction of an integrable model as a projective type limit of spin Calogero-Sutherland model with $N$ fermionic particles, where $N$ tends to infinity. It is implemented in the multicomponent fermionic Fock space. Explicit formulas for limits of Dunkl operators and the Yangian generators are presented by means of fermionic fields.
In the previous paper math-ph/0507015 we have studied the characters and Clebsch-Gordan series for the exceptional Lie algebra E7 by relating them to the quantum trigonometric Calogero-Sutherland Hamiltonian with coupling constant K=1. Now we extend that approach to the case of general K.
Calogero-Moser-Sutherland systems
本文综述一维 Calogero-Moser-Sutherland 型可积多体系统，涵盖经典与量子、非相对论与相对论情形，重点讨论可积性、显式解、作用-角变量与双谱对偶性及其历史与联系。
We derive explicit formulas for the eigenfunctions and eigenvalues of the elliptic Calogero-Sutherland model as infinite series, to all orders and for arbitrary particle numbers and coupling parameters. The eigenfunctions obtained provide an elliptic deformation of the Jack polynomials. We prove in certain special cases that these series have a finite radius of convergence in the nome $q$ of the elliptic functions, including the two particle (= Lamé) case for non-integer coupling parameters.
A new family of A_N-type Dunkl operators preserving a polynomial subspace of finite dimension is constructed. Using a general quadratic combination of these operators and the usual Dunkl operators, several new families of exactly and quasi-exactly solvable quantum spin Calogero-Sutherland models are obtained. These include, in particular, three families of quasi-exactly solvable elliptic spin Hamiltonians.
Explicit solutions of the classical Calogero (rational with/without harmonic confining potential) and Sutherland (trigonometric potential) systems is obtained by diagonalisation of certain matrices of simple time evolution. The method works for Calogero & Sutherland systems based on any root system. It generalises the well-known results by Olshanetsky and Perelomov for the A type root systems. Explicit solutions of the (rational and trigonometric) higher Hamiltonian flows of the integrable hierarchy can be readily obtained in a similar way for those based on the classical root systems.
Novel $\mathcal{N}{=}\,2$ and $\mathcal{N}{=}\,4$ supersymmetric extensions of the Calogero-Sutherland hyperbolic systems are obtained by gauging the ${\rm U}(n)$ isometry of matrix superfield models. The bosonic core of the $\mathcal{N}{=}\,2$ models is the standard $A_{n-1}$ Calogero-Sutherland hyperbolic system, whereas the ${\mathcal N}{=}\,4$ model contains additional semi-dynamical spin variables and is an extension of the U(2) spin Calogero-Sutherland hyperbolic system. We construct two different versions of the ${\mathcal N}{=}\,4$ model, with and without the interacting center-of-mass…
We construct a linear basis for the polynomial eigenfunctions of a family of deformed Calogero-Moser-Sutherland operators naturally associated with hypergeometric polynomials. In our construction the eigenfunctions are obtained as linear combinations of polynomials which generalise the (super) Schur polynomials. As a byproduct, we obtain explicit series representations for the super Jack polynomials.
The Bianchi type I cosmological model is brought into a form where the evolution of observables is governed by the unconstrained Hamiltonian that coincides with the Hamiltonian describing the relative motion of particles in the integrable three-body hyperbolic Euler-Calogero-Sutherland system.
A new approach to the finite-gap property for the Heun equation is constructed. The relationship between the finite-dimensional invariant space and the spectral curve is clarified. The monodromies are calculated and are expressed as hyperelliptic integrals. Applications to the spectral problem for the $BC_1$ Inozemtsev model are obtained.
The thermodynamic limit of the dynamical density and spin-density two-point correlation functions for the spin Calogero-Sutherland model are derived from Uglov's finite-size results. The resultant formula for the density two-point correlation function is consistent with the previous conjecture on the basis of the minimal number of elementary excitations.
Anyons and the elliptic Calogero-Sutherland model
本文通过构建圆上有限温度下任意子的量子场论模型，实现了椭圆 Calogero-Sutherland 模型的二次量子化，导出关联函数恒等式与求解算法，并定义了 Jack 多项式的椭圆推广。
We investigate a quantum many-body system with particles moving on a circle and subject to two-body and three-body potentials. In this new class of models, that extrapolates from the celebrated Calogero-Sutherland model and a system with interactions among nearest and next-to-nearest neighbors, the interactions can be tuned as a function of range. We determine the exact ground state energy and wavefunction and obtain a part of the excitation spectrum.
We re-express the quantum Calogero-Sutherland model for the Lie algebra $E_6$ and the particular value of the coupling constant $κ=1$ by using the fundamental irreducible characters of the algebra as dynamical variables. For that, we need to develop a systematic procedure to obtain all the Clebsch-Gordan series required to perform the change of variables. We describe how the resulting quantum Hamiltonian operator can be used to compute more characters and Clebsch-Gordan series for this exceptional algebra.
Low-dimensional tori in Calogero-Moser-Sutherland systems
本文研究了Calogero-Moser-Sutherland系统中李群SU(n)的相空间分层结构，通过构造动量-角坐标并计算辛形式，证明了各层与特定流形的辛同胚关系。
It is proved that if the Schrödinger equation $L ψ= λψ$ of Calogero-Moser-Sutherland type with $$L = -Δ+ \sum\limits_{α\in{\cal A}_{+}} \frac{m_α(m_α+1) (α,α)}{\sin^{2}(α,x)}$$ has a solution of the product form $ψ_0 = \prod_{α\in {\cal {A}_+}} \sin^{-m_α}(α,x),$ then the function $F(x) =\sum\limits_{α\in \cal {A}_{+}} m_α (α,x)^2 {\rm log} (α,x)^2$ satisfies the generalised WDVV equations.
The U(1) Calogero Sutherland Model (CSM) with anti-periodic boundary condition is studied. The Hamiltonian is reduced to a convenient form by similarity transformation. The matrix representation of the Hamiltonian acting on a partially ordered state space is obtained in an upper triangular form. Consequently the diagonal elements become the energy eigenvalues.
There exists a large class of quantum many-body systems of Calogero-Sutherland type where all particles can have different masses and coupling constants and which nevertheless are such that one can construct a complete (in a certain sense) set of exact eigenfunctions and corresponding eigenvalues, explicitly. Of course there is a catch to this result: if one insists on these eigenfunctions to be square integrable then the corresponding Hamiltonian is necessarily non-hermitean (and thus provides an example of an exactly solvable PT-symmetric quantum-many body system), and if one insists on the …
A model describing N particles on a line interacting pairwise via an elliptic function potential in the presence of an external field is partially solved in the quantum case in a totally algebraic way. As an example, the ground state and the lowest excitations are calculated explicitly for N=2.
An interesting observation was reported by Corrigan-Sasaki that all the frequencies of small oscillations around equilibrium are " quantised" for Calogero and Sutherland (C-S) systems, typical integrable multi-particle dynamics. We present an analytic proof by applying recent results of Loris-Sasaki. Explicit forms of `classical' and quantum eigenfunctions are presented for C-S systems based on any root systems.
Relations between the free motion on the GL^+(n, R) group manifold and the dynamics of an n-particle system with spin degrees of freedom on a line interacting with the pairwise 1/sinh^2 x ``potential'' (Euler-Calogero-Sutherland model) is discussed in the framework of Hamiltonian reduction. Two kinds of reductions of the degrees of freedom are considered: due to the continuous invariance and due to the discrete symmetry. It is shown that after projection on the corresponding invariant manifolds the resulting Hamiltonian system represents the Euler-Calogero-Sutherland model in both cases.
We construct generalizations of the Calogero-Sutherland-Moser system by appropriately reducing a model involving many unitary matrices. The resulting systems consist of particles on the circle with internal degrees of freedom, coupled through modifications of the inverse-square potential. The coupling involves SU(M) non-invariant (anti)ferromagnetic interactions of the internal degrees of freedom. The systems are shown to be integrable and the spectrum and wavefunctions of the quantum version are derived.
Multivariate Bessel processes describe Calogero-Moser-Sutherland particle models and are related with $β$-Hermite and $β$-Laguerre ensembles. They depend on a root system and a multiplicity $k$. Recently, several limit theorems for $k\to\infty$ were derived where the limits depend on the solutions of associated ODEs in these freezing regimes. In this paper we study the solutions of these ODEs which are are singular on the boundaries of their domains. In particular we prove that for a start in arbitrary boundary points, the ODEs always admit unique solutions in their domains for $t>0$.
A unified construction of generalised classical polynomials associated with operators of Calogero-Sutherland type
本文提出了一种统一且显式的构造方法，用于生成包含经典多项式推广在内的一大类多变量多项式，这些多项式构成了 Calogero-Sutherland 型算子及其形变本征函数的多项式部分。
We explore the classical version of the mapping, due to Abanov and Wiegmann, of Calogero-Sutherland hydrodynamics onto the Benjamin-Ono equation ``on the double.'' We illustrate the mapping by constructing the soliton solutions to the hydrodynamic equations, and show how certain subtleties arise from the need to include corrections to the naive replacement of singular sums by principal-part integrals.
We review the construction of a conformal field theory model which describes anyons on a circle and at finite temperature, including previously unpublished results. This anyon model is closely related to the quantum elliptic Calogero-Sutherland (eCS) system. We describe this relation and how it has led to an explicit construction of the eigenvalues and eigenfunctions of the eCS system.
Conformal field theory, solitons, and elliptic Calogero--Sutherland models
在环面上构造容纳椭圆Calogero-Sutherland模型二次量子化的非手征共形场论，证明其CFT算子同时定义了非手征中间长波方程的量子版本，并提出广义模型中的四种粒子可等同于该量子孤子方程的孤子。
We construct several new families of exactly and quasi-exactly solvable BC_N-type Calogero-Sutherland models with internal degrees of freedom. Our approach is based on the introduction of two new families of Dunkl operators of B_N type which, together with the original B_N-type Dunkl operators, are shown to preserve certain polynomial subspaces of finite dimension. We prove that a wide class of quadratic combinations involving these three sets of Dunkl operators always yields a spin Calogero-Sutherland model, which is (quasi-)exactly solvable by construction. We show that all the spin Calogero…
The U(1) Calogero Sutherland Model with anti-periodic boundary condition is studied. The Hamiltonian is reduced to a convenient form by similarity transformation. The matrix representation of the Hamiltonian acting on a partially ordered state space is obtained in an upper triangular form. Consequently the diagonal elements become the energy eigenvalues. The eigenstates are constructed using Young diagram and represented in terms of Jack symmetric polynomials. The eigenstates so obtained are orthonormalized.
We show that, in any conformal field theory, the weights of all bulk primary fields that couple to N phi_{2,1} fields on the boundary are given by the spectrum of an N-particle Calogero-Sutherland model. The corresponding correlation function is simply related to the N-particle wave function. Examples are discussed for the minimal models and for the non-unitary O(n) model.
We re-express the quantum Calogero-Sutherland model for the Lie algebra E7 and the particular value of the coupling constant K=1 by using the fundamental irreducible characters of the algebra as dynamical variables. For that, we need to develop a systematic procedure to obtain all the Clebsch-Gordan series required to perform the change of variables. We describe how the resulting quantum Hamiltonian operator can be used to compute more characters and Clebsch-Gordan series for this exceptional algebra.
Calogero-Sutherland models of $N$ identical particles on a circle are deformed away from hermiticity but retaining a $\cal PT$ symmetry. The interaction potential gets completely regularized, which adds to the energy spectrum an infinite tower of previously non-normalizable states. For integral values of the coupling, extra degeneracy occurs and a nonlinear conserved supersymmetry charge enlarges the ring of Liouville charges. The integrability structure is maintained. We discuss the $A_{N-1}$-type models in general and work out details for the cases of $A_2$ and $G_2$.
It is shown that geodesic motion on the GL(n, R) group manifold endowed with the bi-invariant metric d s^2 = tr(g^{-1} d g)^2 corresponds to a generalization of the hyperbolic n-particle Calogero-Moser-Sutherland model. In particular, considering the motion on Principal orbit stratum of the SO(n, R) group action, we arrive at dynamics of a generalized n-particle Calogero-Moser-Sutherland system with two types of internal degrees of freedom obeying SO(n, R) \bigoplus SO(n, R) algebra. For the Singular orbit strata of SO(n, R) group action the geodesic motion corresponds to certain deformations …
We construct a rational extension of the truncated Calogero-Sutherland model by Pittman et al. The exact solution of this rationally extended model is obtained analytically and it is shown that while the energy eigenvalues remain unchanged, however the eigenfunctions are completely different and written in terms of exceptional X1 Laguerre orthogonal polynomials. The rational model is further extended to a more general, the Xm case by introducing m dependent interaction term. As expected, in the special case of m = 0, the extended model reduces to the conventional model of Pittman et al. In the…
We develop a hydrodynamic description of the classical Calogero-Sutherland liquid: a Calogero-Sutherland model with an infinite number of particles and a non-vanishing density of particles. The hydrodynamic equations, being written for the density and velocity fields of the liquid, are shown to be a bidirectional analogue of Benjamin-Ono equation. The latter is known to describe internal waves of deep stratified fluids. We show that the bidirectional Benjamin-Ono equation appears as a real reduction of the modified KP hierarchy. We derive the Chiral Non-linear Equation which appears as a chira…
The positive energy representations of the loop group of U(1) are used to construct a boson-anyon correspondence. We compute all the correlation functions of our anyon fields and study an anyonic W-algebra of unbounded operators with a common dense domain. This algebra contains an operator with peculiar exchange relations with the anyon fields. This operator can be interpreted as a second quantised Calogero-Sutherland (CS) Hamiltonian and may be used to solve the CS model. In particular, we inductively construct all eigenfunctions of the CS model from anyon correlation functions, for all parti…
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