Daniel Kastler
These notes hopefully provide an aid to the comprehension of the Connes-Moscovici and Connes-Kreimer works, by isolating common mathematical features of the Connes-Moscovici, rooted trees, and Feynman-graph Hopf algebras (as a new special branch of the theory of Hopf algebras expected to become important). We discuss in particular the dual Milnor-Moore situation.
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This paper defines a generalization of the Connes-Moscovici Hopf algebra, $\mathcal{H}(1)$ that contains the entire Hopf algebra of rooted trees. A relationship between the former, a much studied object in non-commutative geometry, and the later, a much studied object in perturbative Quantum Field Theory, has been established by Connes and Kreimer. The results of this paper open the door to study the cohomology of the Hopf algebra of rooted trees.
For our own education, we reconstruct the Hopf algebra of Connes and Moscovici obtained by the action of vector fields on a crossed product of functions by diffeomorphisms. We extend the realization of that Hopf algebra in terms of rooted trees as given by Connes and Kreimer from dimension one to arbitrary dimension of the manifold. In principle there is no modification, but in higher dimension one has to be careful with the order of cuts. The order problem leads us to speculate that in quantum field theory the sum of Feynman graphs which corresponds to an element of the Connes-Moscovici Hopf …
In this talk, we show how the Connes-Kreimer Hopf algebra morphism can be extended when taking into account the wave-function renormalization. This leads us to a semi-direct product of invertible power series by formal diffeomorphisms.
``Bonsai'' Hopf algebras, introduced here, are generalizations of Connes-Kreimer Hopf algebras, which are motivated by Feynman diagrams and renormalization. We show that we can find operad structure on the set of bonsais. We introduce a new differential on these bonsai Hopf algebras, which is inspired by the tree differential. The cohomologies of these are computed here, and the relationship of this differential with the appending operation $*$ of Connes-Kreimer Hopf algebras is investigated.
We give a universal construction of families of Hopf $P$-algebras for any Hopf operad $P$. As a special case, we recover the Connes-Kreimer Hopf algebra of rooted trees.
We give a rigorous proof that the (codimension one) Connes-Moscovici Hopf algebra H_CM is isomorphic to a bicrossproduct Hopf algebra linked to a group factorisation of the group of positively-oriented diffeomorphisms of the real line. We construct a second bicrossproduct U_CM equipped with a nondegenerate dual pairing with H_CM. We give a natural quotient Hopf algebra of H_CM and Hopf subalgebra of U_CM which again are in duality. All these Hopf algebras arise as deformations of commutative or cocommutative Hopf algebras that we describe in each case. Finally we develop the noncommutative dif…
We demonstrate that the fundamental algebraic structure underlying the Connes-Kreimer Hopf algebra -- the insertion pre-Lie structure on graphs -- corresponds directly to the canonical pre-Lie structure of polynomial vector fields. Using this fact, we construct a Hopf algebra built from tensors that is isomorphic to a version of the Connes-Kreimer Hopf algebra that first appeared in the perturbative renormalization of quantum field theories.
As the second part of the sequel, we investigate the variation of rearrangement operators (more precisely, the spectral functions behind) arising in the study of modular geometry on noncommutative (two) tori. We initiate a systematic approach by introducing transformations corresponding to basic operations in calculus, like differentiation and integration by parts. As for applications, we extend, in a uniform way, the Connes-Moscovici's functional relations on noncommutative two tori attached to the variation of second heat coefficients to noncommutative tori of arbitrary dimension. Moreover, …
Dual of the Hopf Algebra Consisting of the Adjacency Matrices
本文详细探讨了由邻接矩阵张成的Hopf代数，证明了其存在两种结构，分别是Connes-Kreimer Hopf代数及其对偶的副本。
Completely Integrable Lax Pair equations for Connes-Kreimer Hopf algebra of rooted trees
本文证明了由Bădiţoiu和Rosenberg引入的无穷小特征$\ ildeβ_0$对应的低维李代数Lax对方程具有完全可积性。
The Connes-Kreimer renormalization Hopf algebras are examples of a canonical quantization procedure for pre-Lie algebras. We give a simple construction of this quantization using the universal enveloping algebra for so-called twisted Lie algebras (Lie algebras in the category of symmetric sequences of k-modules). As an application, we obtain a simple proof of the (quantized) PBW theorem for Lie algebras which come from a pre-Lie product (over an arbitrary commutative ring). More generally, we observe that the quantization and the PBW theorem extend to pre-Lie algebras in arbitrary abelian symm…
On the equivalence between the Polchinski flow and the Connes-Kreimer approaches to perturbative renormalisation
该研究证明了微扰重整化的Polchinski流与Connes-Kreimer方法等价，通过带装饰图的假设和组合重整化求解Polchinski方程，推导出文献中最一般的重整化势形式。
This masters thesis reviews the algebraic formulation of renormalization using Hopf algebras as pioneered by Dirk Kreimer and applies it to a toy model of quantum field theory given through iterated insertions of a single primitive divergence into itself. Using this example in a subtraction scheme, we exhibit the renormalized Feynman rules to yield Hopf algebra morphisms into the Hopf algebra of polynomials and as a consequence study the emergence of the renormalization group in connection with combinatorial Dyson-Schwinger equations. In particular we relate the perturbative expansion of the a…
Graph cocycles for star-products are investigated from the combinatorial point of view, using Connes-Kreimer renormalization techniques. The Hochschild complex, controlling the deformation theory of associative algebras, is the ``Kontsevich representation'' of a DGLA of graphs coming from a pre-Lie algebra structure defined by graph insertions. Properties of the dual of its UEA (an odd parity analog of Connes-Kreimer Hopf algebra), are investigated in order to find solutions of the deformation equation. The solution of the initial value deformation problem, at tree-level, is unique. For linear…
We consider two interacting connected graded Hopf algebras, the former being a comodule-coalgebra on the latter. We show how to define analogues of Connes-Kreimer's renormalization group and Beta function, when the graduation operator is replaced by any biderivation coming from an infinitesimal character of the second Hopf algebra.
We present the construction of a Chern character in cyclic cohomology, involving an arbitrary number of associative algebras in contravariant or covariant position. This is a generalization of the bivariant Chern character for bornological algebras introduced in a previous paper, based on Quillen superconnections and heat-kernel regularization. Then we adapt the formalism to the cyclic cohomology of Hopf algebras in the sense of Connes-Moscovici. This yields a Chern character for ``equivariant K-cycles'' over a bornological algebra A, generalizing the Connes-Moscovici characteristic maps. In t…
We give a natural monomorphism from the necklace Lie coalgebra, defined for any quiver, to Connes and Kreimer's Lie coalgebra of trees, and extend this to a map from a certain quiver-theoretic Hopf algebra to Connes and Kreimer's renormalization Hopf algebra, as well as to pre-Lie versions. These results are direct analogues of Turaev's results in 2004, by replacing algebras of loops on surfaces with algebras of paths on quivers. We also factor the morphism through an algebra of chord diagrams and explain the geometric version. We then explain how all of the Hopf algebras are uniquely determin…
This paper introduces a new Lie-theoretic approach to the computation of counterterms in perturbative renormalization. Contrary to the usual approach, the devised version of the Bogoliubov recursion does not follow a linear induction on the number of loops. It is well-behaved with respect to the Connes-Kreimer approach: that is, the recursion takes place inside the group of Hopf algebra characters with values in regularized Feynman amplitudes. (Paradigmatically, we use dimensional regularization in the minimal subtraction scheme, although our procedure is generalizable to other schemes.) The n…
This paper gives a review of Connes-Kreimer formulation of perturbative renormalization in Quantum Field Theory. We begin with the derivation of the Feynman calculus, the Hopf algebra structure on Feynman diagrams and we show the natural occurence of Birkhoff decomposition in perturbative renormalization. Most of proofs is added in the present paper.
For certain quantum field theories, the Kreimer-Connes Hopf-algebraic approach to renormalization reduces the Dyson-Schwinger equations to a system of non-linear ordinary differential equations for the expansion coefficients of the renormalized Green's function. We apply resurgent asymptotic analysis to find the trans-series solutions which provide the non-perturbative completion of these formal Dyson-Schwinger expansions. We illustrate the general approach with the concrete example of four dimensional massless Yukawa theory, connecting with the exact functional solution found by Broadhurst an…
Following ideas of Connes and Moscovici, we describe two spectral triples related to the Kronecker foliation, whose generalized Dirac operators are related to first and second order signature operators. We also consider the corresponding differential calculi $Ω_D$, which are drastically different in the two cases. As a side-remark, we give a description of a known calculus on the two-dimensional noncommutative torus in terms of generators and relations.
In the abstract pseudodifferential setup of Connes and Moscovici, we prove a general formula for the discrepancies of zeta-regularised traces associated with certain spectral triples, and we introduce a canonical trace on operators, whose order lies outside (minus) the dimension spectrum of the spectral triple.
We establish Sakakibara's differential equations in a matrix setting for the counter term (respectively renormalized character) in Connes-Kreimer's Birkhoff decomposition in any connected graded Hopf algebra, thus including Feynman rules in perturbative renormalization as a key example.
Hopf Algebras Consisting of Finite Sets
本文将Connes-Kreimer Hopf代数从Feynman图推广到有限集、矩阵和标量场星积，以有限集构造为核心。
Cleft Extensions for Hopf Algebroids without Antipodes
本文引入无对径Hopf代数胚的裂扩张，证明其与σ-扭曲交叉积、带正规基的Hopf-Galois扩张等价，研究相关Ehresmann Hopf代数胚的同构性，推广了相关理论。
This paper generalizes the operadic construction of the Connes-Kreimer Hopf algebra of rooted trees by Moerdijk. Examples of Hopf algebras obtained in this way include the Loday-Ronco Hopf algebra of planar binary trees and the Brouder-Frabetti pruning Hopf algebra. In some examples we obtain a natural pre-Lie or dendriform algebra structure on the dual Hopf algebra. v2: Proof in section 8 corrected. v3: more corrections.
We observe that the Connes--Kreimer Hopf-algebraic approach to perturbative renormalisation works not just for Hopf algebras but more generally for filtered bialgebras $B$ with the property that $B_0$ is spanned by group-like elements (e.g. pointed bialgebras with the coradical filtration). Such bialgebras occur naturally both in Quantum Field Theory, where they have some attractive features, and elsewhere in Combinatorics, where they cover a comprehensive class of incidence bialgebras. In particular, the setting allows us to interpret Möbius inversion as an instance of renormalisation.
The local index formula of Connes--Moscovici for the isospectral noncommutative geometry recently constructed on quantum SU(2) is discussed. The cosphere bundle and the dimension spectrum as well as the local cyclic cocycles yielding the index formula, are presented.
Multiplicative Renormalization in Causal Perturbation Theory
本文基于Connes-Kreimer框架与Epstein-Glaser方案，构建了在因果扰动理论中实现乘法重整化的理论框架，并通过ϕ^3_6理论验证其有效性。
We describe various combinatorial aspects of the Birkhoff-Connes-Kreimer factorization in perturbative renormalisation. The analog of Bogoliubov's preparation map on the Lie algebra of Feynman graphs is identified with the pre-Lie Magnus expansion. Our results apply to any connected filtered Hopf algebra, based on the pro-nilpotency of the Lie algebra of infinitesimal characters.
We study the Connes-Kreimer Hopf algebra of renormalization in the case of gauge theories. We show that the Ward identities and the Slavnov-Taylor identities (in the abelian and non-abelian case respectively) are compatible with the Hopf algebra structure, in that they generate a Hopf ideal. Consequently, the quotient Hopf algebra is well-defined and has those identities built in. This provides a purely combinatorial and rigorous proof of compatibility of the Slavnov-Taylor identities with renormalization.
In 1999, A. Connes and D. Kreimer have discovered the Hopf algebra structure on the Feynman graphs of scalar field theory. They have found that the renormalization can be interpreted as a solving of some Riemann -- Hilbert problem. In this work a generalization of their scheme to the case of quantum electrodynamics is proposed. The action of the gauge group on the Hopf algebra of diagrams are defined and the proof that this action is consistent with the Hopf algebra structure is given.
The structure of the Connes-Kreimer renormalization Hopf algebra is studied for gauge theories, with particular emphasis on the BRST-formalism. We work in the explicit example of quantum chromodynamics, the physical theory of quarks and gluons. A coaction of the renormalization Hopf algebra is defined on the coupling constants and the fields. In this context, BRST-invariance of the action implies the existence of certain Hopf ideals in the renormalization Hopf algebra, encoding the Slavnov-Taylor identities for the coupling constants.
Central in the Hopf algebra approach to the renormalization of perturbative quantum field theory of Connes and Kreimer is their Algebraic Birkhoff Decomposition. In this tutorial article, we introduce their decomposition and prove it by the Atkinson Factorization in Rota-Baxter algebra. We then give some applications of this decomposition in the study of divergent integrals and multiple zeta values.
REVISED VERSION: We have re-organized the paper, and included some new results. Most important, we prove that the (truncated) Weil complexes compute the cyclic cohomology of the Hopf algebra (see the new Theorem 7.3). We also include a short discussion on the uni-modulare case, and the computation for $H= U_q(sl_2)$. THE OLD ABSTRACT: We give a construction of Connes-Moscovici's cyclic cohomology for any Hopf algebra equipped with a twisted antipode. Furthermore, we introduce a non-commutative Weil complex, which connects the work of Gelfand and Smirnov with cyclic cohomology. We show how the …
The asymptotic Hopf Algebra of Feynman Integrals
本文提出渐近 Hopf 代数，用于表述 Euclidean 空间中 Feynman 积分的区域法与子图展开，揭示其与 Bogoliubov 的 $R$ 操作及 $R^*$ 操作的紧密联系，并引入 Hopf 单子处理高阶展开。
We study the perturbative renormalization of quantum gauge theories in the Hopf algebra setup of Connes and Kreimer. It was shown by van Suijlekom (2007) that the quantum counterparts of gauge symmetries -- the so-called Ward--Takahashi and Slavnov--Taylor identities -- correspond to Hopf ideals in the respective renormalization Hopf algebra. We generalize this correspondence to super- and non-renormalizable Quantum Field Theories, extend it to theories with multiple coupling constants and add a discussion on transversality. In particular, this allows us to apply our results to (effective) Qua…
Hopf algebras from poset growth models
本文提出一个统一的偏序集增长模型框架，同时涵盖因果集合论中的经典序列增长模型和量子场论中的树增长模型，并刻画了哪些情形给出偏序集Hopf代数的子Hopf代数，还构造了Connes-Moscovici Hopf代数的生成集。
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