Gauge field configurations appropriate for the infrared region of QCD are proposed. Using the usual QCD action, confinement is realized as in the London theory of Meissner effect.
We study in this Letter the origin of the confinement in QCD by analyzing the colour charge of physics states. We derive the colour charge operator in QCD and compare it with the electromagnetic charge operator in QED. It shows that the two charges have very similar structure, but the dynamical properties of the gauge fields are different. The difference between the behaviours of the gauge boson propagator at zero momentum for QCD and that for QED guarantees that there occurs colour confinement in QCD but there is no confinement in QED. We give then a universal relation between the confinement…
We study confinement-deconfinement phase transition in a holographic soft-wall QCD model. By solving the Einstein-Maxwell-scalar system analytically, we obtain the phase structure of the black hole backgrounds. We then impose probe open strings in such background to investigate the confinement-deconfinement phase transition from different open string configurations under various temperatures and chemical potentials. Furthermore, we study the Wilson loop by calculating the minimal surface of the probing open string world-sheet and obtain the Cornell potential in confinement phase analytically.
Within the picture of quark confinement as due to a \textit{color event horizon}, and of hadronization as an instance of the Unruh radiation for the strong force, we show here that QCD entropy, evaluated by lattice simulations in the region $T_c < T < 1.3 T_c$, is in reasonable agreement with a melting color event horizon.
In this paper we develop a phenomenological model inspired by QCD that mimics QCD theory. We use gauge theory in color dielectric medium ($G(ϕ)$) coupled with fermion fields to produce scalar and vector confinement in chromoelectric flux tube scenario. Abelian theory will be used to approximate the non-Abelian QCD theory in a consistent manner. We will calculate vector and scalar glueballs and compare the result to the existing simulation and experimental results and projections. The QCD-like vacuum associated with the model will be calculated and its behavior studied relative to changing quar…
We demonstrate that the confinement of half-quantized vortices (HQVs) in coherently coupled Bose-Einstein condensates (BECs) simulates certain aspects of the confinement in $SU(2)$ quantum chromodynamics (QCD) in 2+1 space-time dimensions. By identifying the circulation of superfluid velocity as the baryon number and the relative phase between two components as a dual gluon, we identify HQVs in a single component as electrically charged particles with a half baryon number. Further, we show that only singlet states of the relative phase of two components can stably exist as bound states of vort…
We analytically study the relation between quark confinement and spontaneous chiral-symmetry breaking in QCD. In terms of the Dirac eigenmodes, we derive some formulae for the Polyakov loop, its fluctuations, and the string tension from the Wilson loop. We also investigate the Polyakov loop in terms of the eigenmodes of the Wilson, the clover and the domain wall fermion kernels, respectively. For the confinement quantities, the low-lying Dirac/fermion eigenmodes are found to give negligible contribution, while they are essential for chiral symmetry breaking. These relations indicate no direct …
I will review essential features of the Hamiltonian approach to QCD in Coulomb gauge showing that Gribov's confinement scenario is realized in this gauge. For this purpose I will discuss in detail the emergence of the horizon condition and the Coulomb string tension. I will show that both are induced by center vortex gauge field configurations, which establish the connection between Gribov's confinement scenario and the center vortex picture of confinement. I will then extend the Hamiltonian approach to QCD in Coulomb gauge to finite temperatures, first by the usual grand canonical ensemble an…
Recently there have been proposals to understand features of QCD such as confinement and chiral symmetry breaking by considering supersymmetric versions of the theory with various patterns of soft breaking. In this note we recall that with small soft breakings, SUSY QCD is suggestive of observed features of real QCD. But we outline some of the challenges to establishing these features of the theory with large soft breakings. It appears difficult to argue for confinement or chiral symmetry breaking; at best, one can say that {\it if} the non-supersymmetric theory does not confine and/or break c…
The problem of the phase transition of a Z(3) spin system is a complex issue. A numerical simulation in the framework of the mean field theory using the Metropolis algorithm reveals: (a) the existence of second order phase transition with a degenerated critical point which could be considered as a state of resonance (b) hysteresis phenomena which are accompanied with tricritical crossover around the end point of first order transition. Based on these results we propose a scenario about confinement-deconfinement phase transition in SU(3) symmetry of color QCD which, as it is known, has the same…
QCD Confinement and Theta Vacuum: Dynamical Spontaneous Symmetry Breaking
本文提出,作为SU(3)_C规范理论的量子色动力学(QCD)的长期问题,禁闭机制和Θ真空,可以通过单重态胶子凝聚的动力学自发对称性破缺(DSSB)和作为SU(2)_N x U(1)_Z规范理论的量子核动力学(QND)来解决。禁闭机制是大质量胶子的结果,汤川势提供了强子的形成。DSSB过程中离散对称性(C,P,T,CP)破缺的明显证据是:没有宇称伙伴的重子和介子,矢量流守恒和轴矢量流部分守恒,重子不对称性δ B \simeq 10^{-10},中子电偶极矩Θ< 10^{-9}。强子质量产生机制是由Θ真空引起的DSSB。
The theory of confinement based on the stochastic field mechanism, known as the Field Corrleator Method (FCM) is discussed in detail. Experimental and lattice data have accumulated a vast amount of material on the properties of confinement in QCD. We enumerateall these properties as 1)-7), and discuss beyond FCM two existing approaches: monopole based Dual Ginzburg-Landau (DGL) theory,and Gribov-Zwanziger model, from this point of view. It is shown that the FCM satisfies all required criteria. We also prove its selfconsistency; in particular, it is shown that the string tension σ is the only s…