评估1996年电信法五年后第271条的有效性
Assessing the Effectiveness of Section 271 Five Years After the Telecommunications Act of 1996
摘要：
1996年《电信法》的一个主要目标是促进本地交换和长途有线市场的竞争。在第271条中，国会允许贝尔运营公司（BOC）进入长途电话市场，前提是他们向联邦通信委员会证明他们遵守了第251条的市场开放要求。本文探讨了第271条背后的逻辑，以确定它是否是一个合理的手段，实现在本地和长途市场的竞争，鉴于行业的技术特点和法律和信息的监管机构必须确保遵守的限制。报告还提供了该法颁布五年后竞争性进入当地外汇市场程度的最新情况。在本文中，我们研究了各种计划，以确保符合美国银行，国会可以使用。考虑到行业的特点和监管者观察中行努力的能力的局限性，我们确定使用诸如中行进入长途的奖励是一种优越的激励机制。我们进一步确定，条件BOC的长途进入其证明符合第251条是一个逻辑的方法，保护长途市场对BOC歧视长途竞争对手，一旦它获得了进入。我们所看到的统计证据，使用我们在出售给CLEC提供POTS服务的ILEC线路上收集的数据，似乎证实了第271条迄今为止在确保遵守方面是有效的。
英文摘要：
A major goal of the Telecommunications Act of 1996 is to promote competition in both the local exchange and long distance wireline markets. In section 271 Congress permitted the Bell Operating Companies (BOCs) to enter the long distance market only if they demonstrate to the FCC that they have complied with the market-opening requirements of section 251. This paper examines the logic behind section 271, to determine if it is a reasonable means of achieving increased competition in both the local and long distance markets, given the technical characteristics of the industry and the legal and informational constraints on regulators who must ensure compliance. It also provides an update on the extent of competitive entry in the local exchange market five years after enactment of the Act. In this paper we examine a variety of schemes for ensuring BOC compliance that Congress could have used. Given the characteristics of the industry and the limitations on regulators' ability to observe BOC's efforts, we determine that the use of a prize such as BOC entry into long distance is a superior incentive mechanism. We further determine that conditioning a BOC's long distance entry on its demonstrating compliance with section 251 is a logical method of protecting the long distance market against a BOC discriminating against long distance competitors once it has gained entry. The statistical evidence we look at, using data we have collected on ILEC lines sold to CLECs for POTS services, appears to confirm that section 271 has thus far been effective in ensuring compliance.
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