进退两难：评估国内政策的应用和南非在WTO基础电信协定下的承诺
Between a rock and a hard place: assessing the application of domestic policy and South Africa's commitments under the WTO'S Basic Telecommunications Agreement
摘要：
南非于1998年通过了《服贸总协定》关于电信的基本协定和管理原则。南非承担的义务反映了1996年开始的电信逐步改革进程的框架。鉴于有两项违反《协定》的反竞争做法的威胁行动，本文件审查了南非所作承诺的性质，并评估了该国迄今为止的遵守情况。本文还试图探讨国内政策改革和国际贸易愿望之间出现的紧张关系。有人认为，通过这种紧张关系产生的动力为国内政府提供了一种机制，用以平衡竞争和发展这两个看似对立的目标。有人进一步指出，所有签署国所采用的、经常因缺乏精确性而受到批评的宽泛的监管原则，促进了这种微妙的平衡，并使国内政府有机会在追求国际贸易理想的同时推进主权关切。
英文摘要：
South Africa adopted the GATS Basic Agreement on Telecommunications and the regulatory principles in 1998. Obligations undertaken by South Africa mirrored the framework for the gradual telecommunications reform process that was begun in 1996. In the light of two threatened actions for anti-competitive practices in violation of the Agreement, this paper reviews the nature of the commitments undertaken by South Africa and assesses the country's compliance to date. This paper also seeks to explore the tension that arises between domestic policy reforms and international trade aspirations. It is argued that the dynamic produced through this tension affords domestic governments a mechanism with which to balance the seemingly opposing goals of competition and development. It is further argued that the broad regulatory principles, adopted by all signatories and often criticized for lack of precision, facilitate this fine balancing and affords domestic governments an opportunity to advance sovereign concerns while pursuing international trade ideals.
机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来，可能存在错误，请以论文正文为准。
