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arXiv 2604.26693astro-ph.SRastro-ph.HE
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小麦哲云中Be X射线双星的群体合成:角动量再循环与稳定质量转移

Population synthesis of Be X-ray binaries in the Small Magellanic Cloud: Angular momentum recycling and stable mass transfer

Universität Heidelberg(海德堡大学);University of Cambridge(剑桥大学);University of Padova(帕多瓦大学);Gran Sasso Science Institute (GSSI)(格兰萨索科学研究所);INFN, Sezione di Padova(意大利国家核物理研究所帕多瓦分部);University of Amsterdam(阿姆斯特丹大学);Universitat de Barcelona (UB)(巴塞罗那大学)

Víctor López Oller, Boyuan Liu, Michela Mapelli, Stefano Rinaldi, Cecilia Sgalletta, Julia Bodensteiner, Giuliano Iorio, Rebekka Schupp

AI总结:

研究通过群体合成模型分析SMC中Be X射线双星的角动量再循环和稳定质量转移机制,确定最佳参数以匹配观测数据。

摘要:

Be X射线双星(BeXRBs)是约束二体相互作用过程如质量转移、角动量传输和诞生踢的关键实验室。小麦哲云(SMC)拥有一个几乎完整且特征明确的BeXRB群体,为在低金属licity下测试这些物理过程提供了独特机会。我们旨在确定一组二体演化参数,使观测到的数目和轨道周期与光学亮度的联合分布得到再现。我们进行了广泛的二体群体合成模型网格分析,探讨了不同的质量转移效率、角动量传输方案和罗奇半径溢出稳定性标准。我们还考虑了诞生踢和脉冲星旋转磁场的自转效应的影响。使用基于似然的方法,将二体群体合成代码sevn生成的合成群体与观测数据进行统计比较,利用轨道周期和V波段亮度分布,以及系统总数的要求。我们发现,假设罗奇半径溢出质量转移始终稳定且当吸积体接近临界旋转时通过潮汐将角动量再循环回轨道的模型,最能匹配观测数据。我们最佳拟合模型倾向于低诞生踢(<100 km s⁻¹),中等质量转移效率(f_MT ≈ 0.6),接近临界旋转的Be阈值自转最小值,以及由于自转效应抑制脉冲星吸积的强烈抑制。具体而言,可观测群体对自转效应的处理非常敏感,这调节了宽轨道、低吸积率系统的X射线亮度。

英文摘要:

Be X-ray binaries (BeXRBs) are key laboratories to constrain binary interaction processes such as mass transfer, angular-momentum transport, and natal kicks. The Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC), hosting a nearly complete and well-characterized BeXRB population, offers a unique opportunity to test these physical processes at low metallicity. We aim to identify the combination of binary-evolution parameters that simultaneously reproduces the observed number and the joint distribution of orbital period and optical magnitude of SMC BeXRBs. We performed an extensive grid analysis of binary population-synthesis models exploring different mass transfer efficiencies, angular-momentum transport prescriptions and Roche-lobe overflow stability criteria. We also considered the impact of natal kicks, and that of the propeller effect of rotating magnetic fields of neutron stars. Synthetic populations obtained with the binary population synthesis code $\texttt{sevn}$ are statistically compared to observations using likelihood-based methods applied to the orbital period and $V$-band magnitude distributions, together with requirements on the total number of systems. We find that models in which mass transfer via Roche-lobe overflow is assumed to be always stable and angular momentum is recycled back into the orbit through tides when the accretor approaches critical rotation provide the best match to observations. Our best-fitting models favor low natal kicks ($\lesssim 100\ \rm km\ s^{-1}$), a moderate mass transfer efficiency ($f_{\rm MT} \simeq 0.6$), a minimum Be threshold spin close to critical rotation, and a strong suppression of accretion onto neutron stars due to the propeller effect. Specifically, the observable population is highly sensitive to the treatment of the propeller effect, which regulates the X-ray luminosity of wide, low-accretion-rate systems.

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