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arXiv 2604.05232cs.DS
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求解背包问题和有界背包问题的难题实例:一种新的最先进的求解器

Solving Hard Instances from Knapsack and Bounded Knapsack Problems: A new state-of-the-art solver

Institute of Computing, University of Campinas(坎皮纳斯大学计算研究所);Instituto de Matemática e Estatística, Universidade Federal de Goiás(戈亚斯联邦大学数学与统计学院)

Renan F. F. da Silva, Thiago A. de Queiroz, Rafael C. S. Schouery

AI总结:

本文提出RECORD求解器,通过改进核心动态规划和弱上界等方法,有效提升求解效率,尤其在难题实例上表现优异,超越现有状态最先进求解器。

摘要:

背包问题(KP)及其推广形式有界背包问题(BKP)是经典的NP难问题,尽管已有25年,COMBO和BOUKNAP仍是因高效实现和复杂界技术而保持领先。本文提出RECORD(Refined Core-based Dynamic Programming),基于COMBO的核心和状态动态规划、弱上界和替代松弛与数量约束等关键组件,引入多重性减少、即时物品聚合、改进的支配固定技术和新的可除性界等新策略。这些改进使RECORD在大多数实例上保持近线性时间复杂度,而在更困难的案例中实现显著加速。计算实验显示,RECORD在困难基准集上持续优于COMBO和BOUKNAP,常以多个数量级的优势建立新的KP和BKP求解器状态。

英文摘要:

The Knapsack Problem (KP) and its generalization, the Bounded Knapsack Problem (BKP), are classical NP-hard problems with numerous practical applications, and despite being introduced over 25 years ago, the solvers COMBO and BOUKNAP remain the state of the art due to their highly optimized implementations and sophisticated bounding techniques. In this work, we present RECORD (Refined Core-based Dynamic Programming), a new solver for both problems that builds upon key components of COMBO, including core- and state-based dynamic programming, weak upper bounds, and surrogate relaxation with cardinality constraints, while introducing novel strategies to overcome its limitations. In particular, we propose multiplicity reduction to limit the number of distinct item types, combined with on-the-fly item aggregation, refined fixing-by-dominance techniques, and a new divisibility bound that strengthens item fixing and symmetry breaking. These enhancements allow RECORD to preserve COMBO's near-linear-time behavior on most instances while achieving substantial speedups on more challenging cases, and computational experiments show that it consistently outperforms both COMBO and BOUKNAP on difficult benchmark sets, often by several orders of magnitude, establishing a new state-of-the-art solver for KP and BKP.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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