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arXiv 2603.01166eess.SP
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极化感知可重构天线辅助无线通信

Polarization-aware Reconfigurable Antenna Aided Wireless Communications

National Key Laboratory of Wireless Communications, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China（电子科技大学无线通信国家重点实验室）；Institute for Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China（电子科技大学前沿交叉研究院）；Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University（南洋理工大学电气与电子工程学院）

Chao Zhang, Hu Zhou, Ruizhe Long, Ying-Chang Liang, Boon-Hee Soong

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AI总结：

本文提出了一种支持3D旋转和极化重构的可重构天线，通过联合空间-极化设计提升无线通信性能，实现更低的发射功率。

摘要：

可重构天线（RAs）已成为未来无线网络中一种有前景的技术，为无线通信提供了额外的灵活性。在现有设计中，可旋转天线特别有效，通过直视对准来提高方向增益。然而，传统可旋转RAs往往忽略了关键的物理耦合：机械旋转不可避免地会改变辐射极化方向，可能导致极化不匹配。为了解决这一挑战，我们研究了一种新型RA架构，该架构同时支持3D旋转和极化状态重构，确保在空间和极化领域都对齐。为了量化性能增益，我们分析了一个简化的一用户视距场景，将优化的可旋转设计与固定方案进行比较。此分析将性能提升归因于三个方面：由直视定向带来的方向和投影增益、由翻滚调整带来的极化方向对齐增益，以及由极化重构提供的极化状态匹配增益。此外，对于一般的多路径多用户系统，我们通过优化数字波束成形与旋转和极化设计相结合，制定了一个联合功率最小化问题，受速率和硬件约束。为高效解决由此产生的非凸问题，我们开发了一个交替优化框架，其中数字波束成形通过半正定松弛和差异凸技术解决，而旋转和极化设计则通过在各自流形上使用黎曼共轭梯度进行更新。仿真结果表明，所提出的RA在旋转-only和直视-only基准上表现更优，通过联合空间-极化设计，在相同速率约束下实现更低的发射功率。

英文摘要：

Reconfigurable antennas (RAs) have emerged as a promising technology for future wireless networks, offering additional flexibility for wireless communications. Among existing designs, rotatable antennas are particularly effective in improving directional gain via boresight alignment only. However, conventional rotatable RAs often overlook a critical physical coupling: the mechanical rotation inevitably alters the radiated polarization orientation, potentially leading to polarization mismatch. To address this challenge, we investigate a novel RA architecture that simultaneously supports 3D rotation and polarization state reconfiguration, ensuring alignment in both spatial and polarization domains. To quantify the performance gains, we analyze a simplified single-user LoS scenario to compare the optimized rotatable design against a fixed scheme. This analysis attributes the performance improvement to three aspects: directional and projection gain arising from boresight steering, polarization direction alignment gain enabled by roll adjustment, and polarization state matching gain provided by polarization reconfiguration. Furthermore, for general multipath multi-user systems, we formulate a joint power minimization problem by optimizing digital beamforming alongside rotation and polarization designs, subject to rate and hardware constraints. To solve the resulting non-convex problem efficiently, we develop an alternating optimization framework, where the digital beamforming is solved via semidefinite relaxation and difference-of-convex techniques, while the rotation and polarization designs are updated using Riemannian conjugate gradient on their respective manifolds. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed RA outperforms both rotation-only and boresight-only benchmarks, achieving lower transmit power under the same rate constraints by joint spatial-polarization design.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来，可能存在错误，请以论文正文为准。

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