In this paper, we study the performance of spatial modulation based on reconfigurable antennas. Two main contributions are provided. We introduce an analytical framework to compute the error probability, which is shown to be accurate and useful for system optimization. We design and implement the prototype of a reconfigurable antenna that is specifically designed for application to spatial modulation, and that provides multiple radiation patterns that are used to encode the information bits. By using the measured antenna radiation patterns, we show that spatial modulation based on reconfigurable antennas work in practice, and that its performance can be optimized by appropriately optimizing the radiation patterns to use for a given data rate.
In this paper, reconfigurable high gain split ring resonator microstrip patch antenna is designed and analysed. The aim to design such type antenna is to achieve multiband application which is the demand of current technology in frequency reconfiguration within single antenna. Here microstrip patch antenna with rectangle shape of patch with patch dimension 11.6*11.6 mm2 is analysed. The proposed design is tuned with two bands in the frequency range of 5-9 GHz depending on the geometric specification of antenna and the location of feed which can be used for multiband applications. Design result…
Signal Processing Foundations of Reconfigurable Antennas in the Tri-Hybrid MIMO Architecture
University of California San Diego（加州大学圣地亚哥分校）；Yonsei University（延世大学）；San Diego State University（圣地亚哥州立大学）；Min H. Kao Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville（田纳西大学诺克斯维尔分校明H. Kao电气与计算机工程系）
Reconfigurable Antennas for Next-Generation Wireless Communications: Technologies, Prototypes, Architectures, and Signal Processing
School of Engineering, the University of British Columbia（不列颠哥伦比亚大学工程学院）；CEMSE, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology（阿卜杜拉国王科技大学计算机、电气和数学科学与工程学院）
Reconfigurable meta-surface (RMS) is proposed as a very promising and novel technology, which is composed of a large number of low-cost passive elements, and can achieve passive beamforming by controlling the amplitude and phase of incident electromagnetic (EM) waves. Therefore, in order to solve the challenges of high power consumption and high cost of existing base stations (BSs), we propose a low-cost and low-power consumption transmissive RMS multi-antenna system in this paper. Specifically, we first provide an overview of the transmissive RMS multi-antenna system, including its advantages…
In recent years, machine learning techniques have been explored to support, enhance or augment wireless systems especially at the physical layer of the protocol stack. Traditional ML based approach or optimization is often not suitable due to algorithmic complexity, reliance on existing training data and/or due to distributed setting. In this paper, we formulate a reconfigurable antenna based channel selection problem for interference alignment in a multi-user wireless network as a learning problem. More specifically, we propose that by using sequential learning, an effective channel or combin…
Tri-Hybrid Multi-User Precoding Using Pattern-Reconfigurable Antennas: Fundamental Models and Practical Algorithms
School of Engineering, The University of British Columbia, Kelowna（不列颠哥伦比亚大学工程学院）；Electrical and Computer Engineering Program, Division of Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering (CEMSE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST)（阿卜杜拉国王科技大学计算机、电气和数学科学与工程学部电气与计算机工程项目）
Artificial Intelligence for Spatially Reconfigurable Antennas: Movable, Fluid, and Pinching Antenna Systems
Phenikaa University（菲尼亚卡大学）；University of Essex（埃塞克斯大学）；VSB-Technical University of Ostrava（俄斯特拉发科技大学）；Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen（哈尔滨工业大学（深圳））；Zhejiang Gongshang University（浙江工商大学）
Near-Field Localization via Reconfigurable Antennas
University of Southern California（南加州大学）；King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST)（阿卜杜拉国王科技大学）；Chalmers University of Technology（查尔姆斯理工大学）
In this paper, for the first time, we propose two new solutions to boost the data rate between small connected objects such as glasses and cams and the 5th generation (5G) mobile network, based on spatial modulation, single carrier waveform, compact reconfigurable antennas at the object side and massive multiple input multiple output (M-MIMO) at the network side. In the first new wireless communication system, a "transmitting object" uses transmit spatial modulation with a compact reconfigurable antenna and a constant envelop amplifier to transmit in high data rate with a low complexity and lo…
It has been recently demonstrated that modifying the rim scattering of a paraboloidal reflector antenna through the use of reconfigurable elements along the rim facilitates sidelobe modification including cancelling sidelobes. In this work we investigate techniques for determining the unit-magnitude weights (i.e., weights which modify the phase of the scattered signals) to accomplish sidelobe cancellation at arbitrary angles from the reflector axis. Specifically, it is shown that despite the large search space and the non-convexity of the cost function, weights can be found with reasonable com…
Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) have attracted significant interest from the academia and industry most recently. Motivated by the wide usage of UAVs, this paper considers UAV communication with reconfigurable antenna (RA) in the presence of fading and shadowing effects which occur due to tall buildings and skyscrapers in urban areas. More precisely, RA offers to receive information through mirror activation patterns (MAPs) so that it can achieve a receive diversity with decreased error probability by using only one radio frequency (RF) chain. Also, media based modulation (MBM) technique for d…
A Survey on Reconfigurable and Movable Antennas for Wireless Communications and Sensing
National University of Singapore（新加坡国立大学）；South China University of Technology（华南理工大学）；Nanyang Technological University（南洋理工大学）；King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST)（阿卜杜拉国王科技大学）；Beijing Institute of Technology（北京理工大学）
MIMO technology has enabled spatial multiple access and has provided a higher system spectral efficiency (SE). However, this technology has some drawbacks, such as the high number of RF chains that increases complexity in the system. One of the solutions to this problem can be to employ reconfigurable antennas (RAs) that can support different radiation patterns during transmission to provide similar performance with fewer RF chains. In this regard, the system aims to maximize the SE with respect to optimum beamforming design and RA mode selection. Due to the non-convexity of this problem, we p…
School of Information and Communications Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University（西安交通大学信息与通信工程学院）；School of Computer Science & Technology, Xi’an University of Posts & Telecommunications（西安邮电大学计算机科学与技术学院）
The key obstacle to achieving the full potential of the millimeter wave (mmWave) band has been the poor propagation characteristics of wireless signals in this band. One approach to overcome this issue is to use antennas that can support higher gains while providing beam adaptability and diversity, i.e., reconfigurable antennas. In this article, we present a new architecture for mmWave multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) communications that uses a new class of reconfigurable antennas. More specifically, the proposed lens-based antennas can support multiple radiation patterns while using a si…
Physically Consistent Channel Modeling and Signal Processing for Reconfigurable Wireless Systems
American University of Beirut（贝鲁特美国大学）；Technical University of Berlin（柏林工业大学）；University of California San Diego（加利福尼亚大学圣地亚哥分校）；King Abdullah University of Science and Technology（阿卜杜拉国王科技大学）
In this report, we summarize the end-to-end signal-to-noise ratio and the rate of half-duplex, full-duplex, amplify-and-forward, and decode-and-forward relay-aided communications, and well as the signal-to-noise ratio and the rate of the emerging technology known as reconfigurable intelligent surfaces.
Tri-Hybrid Beamforming Design for ISAC Systems with Reconfigurable Antennas
University of Electronic Science and Technology of China（电子科技大学）；King Abdullah University of Science and Technology（阿卜杜拉国王科技大学）；University of Manchester（曼彻斯特大学）；University College London（伦敦大学学院）
We consider an opportunistic cognitive radio (CR) system in which secondary transmitter (SUtx) is equipped with a reconfigurable antenna (RA). Utilizing the beam steering capability of the RA, we regard a design framework for integrated sector-based spectrum sensing and data communication. In this framework, SUtx senses the spectrum and detects the beam corresponding to active primary user's (PU) location. SUtx also sends training symbols (prior to data symbols), to enable channel estimation at secondary receiver (SUrx) and selection of the strongest beam between SUtx-SUrx for data transmissio…
In this demonstration proposal, we present a prototype of a rapidly deployable and cost-effective railroad crossing early warning system integrated with the railway system. Specifically, the proposed demonstration deal with the safety applications based on dedicated short range communications (DSRC) protocol and devices using our different antennas. We will demonstrate the feasibility and advantages of our proposed system, including the antenna design, system deployment, the over-the-air transmission, and the software applications that we developed for the end users.
The reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) is a promising technology for next-generation wireless communication. It comprises many passive antennas, which reflect signals from the transmitter to the receiver with adjusted phases without changing the amplitude. The large number of the antennas enables a huge potential of signal processing despite the simple functionality of a single antenna. However, it also makes the RIS configuration a high dimensional problem, which might not have a closed-form solution and has a high complexity and, as a result, severe difficulty in online real-time appli…
With the development of the next generation of mobile networks, new research challenges have emerged, and new technologies have been proposed to face them. On the one hand, the reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) technology is being investigated for partially controlling the wireless channels. The RIS is a promising technology for improving the signal quality by controlling the scattering of the electromagnetic waves in a nearly passive manner. On the other hand, ambient backscatter communications (AmBC) is another promising technology that is tailored for addressing the energy efficiency…
Fairness-Aware Beamforming for Polarimetric ISAC Systems with Polarization-Reconfigurable Antennas
University of Electronic Science and Technology of China（电子科技大学）；Laboratory of Electromagnetic Space Cognition and Intelligent Control（电磁空间认知与智能控制实验室）；Tianfu Jiangxi Laboratory（天府江西实验室）；National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory, Southeast University（东南大学移动通信国家重点实验室）
Dynamic modification of the pattern of a reflector antenna system traditionally requires an array of feeds. This paper presents an alternative approach in which the scattering from a fraction of the reflector around the rim is passively modified using, for example, an electronically-reconfigurable reflectarray. This facilitates flexible sidelobe modification, including sidelobe canceling, for systems employing a single feed. Applications for such a system include radio astronomy, where deleterious levels of interference from satellites enter through sidelobes. We show that an efficient reconfi…
