重复的潮汐破坏事件在几个月到几年的时间尺度上重复出现，代表了部分破坏的无歧义特征，残留的恒星残骸返回到近心点，被潮汐力反复剥离。这些系统因此提供了研究部分破坏和完全破坏差异的最佳实验室。这两个系统之间值得注意的观测差异是，所有已知的X射线明亮的重复TDEs都显示出在比完全（非重复）TDEs更短的时间尺度上快速转换于热、非热和完全暗的状态。我们主张这可以简单地理解为由于供应给盘的燃料减少，这些系统提供了证据表明所有潮汐破坏事件在爱丁顿比$ f_{\ m edd} = L_{\ m bol}/L_{\ m edd} \sim 0.01} $处经历状态转换，类似于X射线双星。{作为这部分计算的一部分，我们推导出一个通用表达式，用于计算TDE盘落至给定爱丁顿分数所需的时间，这对完全和部分TDE科学都有用。} 也许令人惊讶的是，这些系统观测到的晚期光学/紫外平台辐射亮度在很大程度上不受这种燃料减少的影响，只要外盘在足够长的时间内保持热态，以便这种辐射能被检测到。然后我们显示，返回的恒星残骸与由最后一次经过形成的盘碰撞将产生可能可观测的X射线耀斑（$ L_{\ m flare} \simeq 10^{42} $ erg/s），但这些耀斑可能很难检测，因为它们通常寿命很短（$ t_{\ m flare} \simeq 0.1-1 $ 小时）。
英文摘要：
Tidal disruption events which repeat on timescales of months-to-years represent an unambiguous signature of a partial disruption, with the surviving stellar remnant returning to pericentre to be repeatedly stripped by tidal forces. These systems therefore offer the best laboratories to study the differences between partial and full disruptions. One noteworthy observational difference between the two systems is that all known X-ray bright repeating TDEs show rapid transitions between thermal, non-thermal and completely dim states on timescales much shorter than full (non-repeating) TDEs. We argue this can be simply understood as being due to the reduction in fuel supply available to the disk, and that these systems provide evidence that all tidal disruption events undergo a state transition at Eddington ratios $f_{\rm edd} = L_{\rm bol}/L_{\rm edd} \sim 0.01$, similar to X-ray binaries. {As part of this calculation we derive a general expression for the time taken for a TDE disk to fall to a given Eddington fraction, which will be of use to both full and partial TDE science.} Perhaps surprisingly, the late-time optical/UV plateau luminosity observed from these systems is largely unaffected by this reduction in fuel supply, provided the outer disk remains in a thermal state for long enough for this emission to be detected. We then show that collisions between the returning stellar remnant and the disk formed from the last passage will produce potentially observable X-ray flares ($L_{\rm flare} \simeq 10^{42}$ erg/s), but that they are likely to be very difficult to detect as they are generally short-lived ($t_{\rm flare} \simeq 0.1-1$ hr).
A Formation Crisis of Repeating Partial Tidal Disruption Events
Tsung-Dao Lee Institute, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University（上海交大李政道研究所）；School of Physics & Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University（上海交通大学物理与天文学院）；Cornell University（康奈尔大学）
Tidal capture and repeating partial tidal disruption events of giant stars
Key Laboratory of Modern Astronomy and Astrophysics (Nanjing University), Ministry of Education（现代天文与天体物理教育部重点实验室）；School of Astronomy and Space Science, Nanjing University（南京大学天文与空间科学学院）
The Role of Stellar Spin in Repeating Partial Tidal Disruption Events
Syracuse University（雪城大学）；University of Leeds（利兹大学）；Eureka Scientific（尤里卡科学公司）；The George Washington University（乔治华盛顿大学）；Schmidt Sciences（施密特科学）；Space Telescope Science Institute（太空望远镜科学研究所）
Repeating flares, X-ray outbursts and delayed infrared emission: A comprehensive compilation of optical tidal disruption events
Institute of Astrophysics, FORTH（FORTH天体物理研究所）；Department of Physics, University of Crete（克里特大学物理系）；NASA Marshall Space Flight Center（美国宇航局马歇尔太空飞行中心）；Institutt for Fysikk, Norwegian University of Science and Technology（挪威科技大学物理系）；Instituto de Astronomía, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Campus Ensenada（墨西哥国立自治大学恩塞纳达天文研究所）；Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Stanford University（斯坦福大学卡弗里粒子天体物理与宇宙学研究所）；Astronomical Observatory, University of Warsaw（华沙大学天文台）；Astrophysics Division, National Centre for Nuclear Research（国家核研究中心天体物理部）；Astronomical Institute, University of Wrocław（弗罗茨瓦夫大学天文研究所）
A Potential Second Shutoff from AT2018fyk: An updated Orbital Ephemeris of the Surviving Star under the Repeating Partial Tidal Disruption Event Paradigm
本文报告了 AT2018fyk 在 2023 年 8 月开始的 X 射线和紫外流量骤降，证实了重复部分潮汐瓦解事件（rpTDE）模型预测的第二次发射关闭，将轨道周期精确约束为 1306±47 天，并验证了 X 射线与 UV/光学发射追踪 SMBH 回落率的假设。
Successive Partial Disruptions with Orbital Precession in a White Dwarf-Black Hole System for Repeating GRB 250702B
Astronomical Institute, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University（东北大学理学研究科天文学研究所）；Department of Astronomy, School of Science, The University of Tokyo（东京大学理学部天文学科）
Stellar Stripping and Disruption in Disks around Supermassive Black Hole Binaries: Repeating nuclear transients prior to LISA events
Space Telescope Science Institute（太空望远镜科学研究所）；Johns Hopkins University（约翰斯·霍普金斯大学）；Niels Bohr International Academy, Niels Bohr Institute（尼尔斯·玻尔国际学院，尼尔斯·玻尔研究所）；Chungbuk National University（忠北国立大学）；Aoyama Gakuin University（青山学院大学）；University of Zurich（苏黎世大学）
Repeated Tidal Interactions between Stars and Supermassive Black Holes: Mass Transfer, Stability, and Implications for Repeating Partial Tidal Disruption Events
Rapid onset of a Comptonisation zone in the repeating tidal disruption event XMMSL2 J140446.9-251135
Telespazio UK for ESA（ESA英国泰莱斯帕齐奥）；Schmidt Sciences（施密特科学）；Space Telescope Science Institute（太空望远镜科学研究所）；Leiden Observatory, Leiden University（莱顿大学莱顿天文台）；University of Arizona（亚利桑那大学）；Max-Planck-Institut für extraterrestrische Physik（马普地外物理研究所）；University of Hertfordshire（赫特福德大学）；University of Oxford（牛津大学）；Centro de Astrobiología (CAB), CSIC-INTA（CSIC-INTA天体生物学中心）；ESA（欧洲空间局）；SERCO for ESA（ESA塞科服务）
IGR J12580+0134: A Possible Repeated Partial Tidal Disruption Event Inferred from Late-Time Radio Re-brightenin
Huazhong University of Science and Technology（华中科技大学）；Shanghai Astronomical Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences（中国科学院上海天文台）；Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences（中国科学院紫金山天文台）；University of Science and Technology of China（中国科学技术大学）
Are most detected tidal disruption events partial?
School of Physics and Astronomy, Monash University（莫纳什大学物理与天文学院）；IPAG, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS（格勒诺布尔阿尔卑斯大学CNRS IPAG研究所）；School of Physics, University of Melbourne（墨尔本大学物理学院）；Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of California, Santa Cruz（加州大学圣克鲁兹分校天文学与天体物理学系）
A Disappearing Act: Constraints From "Missing" Flares of Repeating Partial TDE Candidates
University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign（伊利诺伊大学厄巴纳-香槟分校）；NSF-Simons AI Institute for the Sky (SkAI)（美国国家科学基金会西蒙斯天空人工智能研究所）；Northwestern University（西北大学）；Center for Interdisciplinary Exploration and Research in Astrophysics (CIERA)（天体物理学跨学科探索与研究中心）；Institute for Advanced Study in Physics, Zhejiang University（浙江大学高等物理研究院）；Institute for Astronomy, School of Physics, Zhejiang University（浙江大学物理学院天体物理研究所）
Ultra-long Gamma-ray Bursts from Micro-Tidal Disruption Events: The Case of GRB 250702B
The Open University of Israel（以色列开放大学）；Astrophysics Research Center of the Open University (ARCO)（以色列开放大学天体物理研究中心）；Department of Physics, The George Washington University（乔治华盛顿大学物理系）；Technion - Israel Institute of Technology（以色列理工学院）
GRB 250702B被解释为微潮汐破坏事件，通过三种路径解释其超长持续、高能和快速变化的伽马射线特征。
Can GRB 250702B be explained as the tidal disruption of a white dwarf by an intermediate mass black hole? Yes
University of Leicester（莱斯特大学）；University of Amsterdam（阿姆斯特丹大学）；Leiden University（莱顿大学）；Radboud University（拉德堡德大学）；University College Dublin（都柏林大学学院）；University of Utah（犹他大学）；University of Maryland（马里兰大学）
Tidal disruption of stellar binaries as a pathway to exotic transients
Instituto de Radioastronomía y Astrofísica, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México（墨西哥国立自治大学射电天文学与天体物理研究所）；SECIHTI–Instituto de Física y Matemáticas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo（米却肯州圣尼古拉斯伊达尔戈大学SECIHTI物理与数学研究所）；Facultad de Ciencias Físico Matemáticas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo（米却肯州圣尼古拉斯伊达尔戈大学物理数学科学学院）
AT2019aalc: An obscured tidal disruption event candidate in an active galactic nucleus revealed by its first flare?
College of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Northwest Normal University（西北师范大学物理与电子工程学院）；School of Physical Science and Technology, Guangxi University（广西大学物理科学与技术学院）
Back from the dead: AT2019aalc as a candidate repeating TDE in an AGN
Ruhr Astroparticle and Plasma Physics Center (RAPP Center)（鲁尔天体物理与等离子体物理中心）；Leiden Observatory, Leiden University（莱顿天文台，莱顿大学）；Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY)（德国电子同步辐射中心）；Institut fur Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin（柏林洪堡大学物理研究所）；Division of Physics, Mathematics, and Astronomy, California Institute of Technology（加州理工学院物理、数学和天文学系）；University of Maryland, Department of Astronomy（马里兰大学天文学系）；NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Astrophysics Science Division（美国宇航局戈达德太空飞行中心天体物理学科学部）；Center for Research and Exploration in Space Science and Technology, NASA/GSFC（NASA/GSFC空间科学与技术研究探索中心）
How Flat is a Plateau? Evolution of Late-Time TDE Disks
Racah Institute of Physics, The Hebrew University（拉卡物理学研究所，希伯来大学）；Department of Astronomy, University of Wisconsin（天文学系，威斯康星大学）；Leiden Observatory, Leiden University（莱登天文台，莱顿大学）
Can tidal disruption event models reliably measure black hole masses?
Queen’s University Belfast（贝尔法斯特女王大学）；University of Birmingham（伯明翰大学）；University of Cambridge（剑桥大学）；The Observatories of the Carnegie Institute for Science（卡内基科学研究所天文台）；University of California, Davis（加州大学戴维斯分校）；University of California, Berkeley（加州大学伯克利分校）；University of Maryland, College Park（马里兰大学帕克分校）
