活到另一天：作为重复的部分潮汐破坏事件的AT2018fyk的再增亮
Live to die another day: the rebrightening of AT2018fyk as a repeating partial tidal disruption event
摘要：
与超大质量黑洞（SMBH）相互作用的恒星可以完全或部分被潮汐摧毁。在部分潮汐破裂事件（TDE）中，恒星的高密度核心保持完整，而低密度的恒星外壳被剥离，并提供明亮的吸积情节。TDE AT 2018 fyk，推断黑洞质量为$10^{7.7\pm0.4}$ M $_{\odot}$，在发现后$\sim$ 500- 600天，在X射线（因子$>$ 6000）和紫外线（因子$\sim$ 15）波长处经历了一次极端变暗事件。在这里，我们报告的重新出现，这些排放成分大约1200天后发现。我们发现，源的属性是类似于那些预调光吸积状态，这表明吸积流被再生到一个类似的状态。我们建议，一个重复的部分TDE，其中部分被破坏的恒星是在一个$\sim 1200$日轨道的SMBH和定期剥离的质量在每个近心通道，权力其独特的光变曲线。这种情况为AT 2018 fyk的整体属性提供了合理的解释，包括快速变暗事件和后期的重新变亮。我们还为未来吸积流的行为提供了可测试的预测：如果第二次遭遇也是部分破坏，那么我们预测在第1800天（2023年8月）左右会发生另一次强烈的变暗事件，随后在第2400天（2025年3月）左右会再次变亮。该来源提供了强有力的证据，证明恒星被SMBH部分破坏。
英文摘要：
Stars that interact with supermassive black holes (SMBHs) can either be completely or partially destroyed by tides. In a partial tidal disruption event (TDE) the high-density core of the star remains intact, and the low-density, outer envelope of the star is stripped and feeds a luminous accretion episode. The TDE AT2018fyk, with an inferred black hole mass of $10^{7.7\pm0.4}$ M$_{\odot}$, experienced an extreme dimming event at X-ray (factor of $>$6000) and UV (factor $\sim$15) wavelengths $\sim$500--600 days after discovery. Here we report on the re-emergence of these emission components roughly 1200 days after discovery. We find that the source properties are similar to those of the pre-dimming accretion state, suggesting that the accretion flow was rejuvenated to a similar state. We propose that a repeating partial TDE, where the partially disrupted star is on a $\sim 1200$ day orbit about the SMBH and is periodically stripped of mass during each pericenter passage, powers its unique lightcurve. This scenario provides a plausible explanation for AT2018fyk's overall properties, including the rapid dimming event and the rebrightening at late times. We also provide testable predictions for the behavior of the accretion flow in the future: if the second encounter was also a partial disruption then we predict another strong dimming event around day 1800 (August 2023), and a subsequent rebrightening around day 2400 (March 2025). This source provides strong evidence of the partial disruption of a star by a SMBH.
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