发表机构
Tel Aviv University; Schmidt Sciences（特拉维夫大学; 施密特科学）
机构由 AI 辅助整理，请以论文原文为准。AI 中文总结
本文综述了重复潮汐瓦解事件的观测，旨在区分完全与部分潮汐瓦解事件及其他吸积现象，并指出当前样本少、观测有限，未来更多数据将揭示其本质。
AI 中文摘要
超大质量黑洞（SMBHs）对恒星的潮汐瓦解事件（TDEs）可以在电磁波谱上产生瞬变耀发。此类耀发可用于探测超大质量黑洞的性质、吸积物理以及星系核中的恒星动力学。然而，区分潮汐瓦解事件耀发与超大质量黑洞周围其他吸积现象（如活动星系核盘不稳定性）产生的耀发可能很困难。来自同一位置的重复耀发可以由此类不稳定性或同一恒星的重复部分瓦解产生，前者预期以随机间隔发生，后者则大致呈周期性。因此，重复性核瞬变可用于区分完全潮汐瓦解事件与部分潮汐瓦解事件，以及区分潮汐瓦解事件与其他吸积现象。在此，我们回顾了在不同波长下对这类重复性核耀发的观测。随着时域巡天变得更宽、更深、更快，并积累更长的数据基线，更多不同时间尺度的重复现象正被揭示。尽管这些事件显示出在约束关于超大质量黑洞吸积现象的若干开放问题方面的潜力，但迄今为止的少量案例、许多事件有限的观测覆盖范围以及观测到的发射和重复特性的总体多样性，使得在当前阶段难以将大多数案例稳健地与物理情景相关联。然而，在不久的将来，随着更多数据的积累，各类重复性核瞬变的性质应会变得更加清晰，随之许多一次性耀发的性质也将更加明确。
英文摘要
The disruption of stars by supermassive black holes (SMBHs) as tidal disruption events (TDEs) can produce transient flares across the electromagnetic spectrum. Such flares can be used to probe SMBH properties, accretion physics and stellar dynamics in galactic nuclei. However, it can be difficult to distinguish TDE flares and those arising from other accretion phenomena around SMBHs, such as active galactic nuclei disk instabilities. Repeated flares from the same location can be produced by either such instabilities or by repeated partial disruptions of the same star, with the former expected to be at random intervals and the latter roughly periodic. Repeating nuclear transients can thus be used to distinguish between full and partial TDEs, as well as between TDEs and other accretion phenomena. Here we review observations of such repeating nuclear flares at various wavelengths. As time domain surveys become wider, deeper and faster, and as they accumulate longer baselines of data, more repeating phenomena at various time scales are being revealed. While these events show the potential for constraining several open questions regarding SMBH accretion phenomena, the small number of cases so far, the limited observational coverage for many of them, and the overall diversity of emission and repetition properties observed make it difficult to robustly associate most cases with physical scenarios at this stage. However, in the near future, as more data accumulate, the nature of various classes of repeating nuclear transients should become more clear, and with it the nature of many of the one-time flares as well.
CommentsInvited review chapter for the book "Mysterious Repeating Signals from Centers of Galaxies" (Eds. Dheeraj Pasham, Eric Coughlin, Riccardo Arcodia, Petra Sukova, Itai Linial, Springer Singapore, expected in 2027). After first referee review, before re-submission, comments welcome
