发表机构
Instituto de Radioastronomía y Astrofísica, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; SECIHTI–Instituto de Física y Matemáticas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo; Facultad de Ciencias Físico Matemáticas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo(墨西哥国立自治大学射电天文学与天体物理研究所; 米却肯州圣尼古拉斯伊达尔戈大学SECIHTI物理与数学研究所; 米却肯州圣尼古拉斯伊达尔戈大学物理数学科学学院)
机构由 AI 辅助整理,请以论文原文为准。AI 中文总结
该研究提出 $10^6 M_\text{\textodot}$ 级超大质量黑洞对恒星双星的潮汐分离机制,可产生偏心潮汐瓦解事件,还能形成类新星、类红巨星等奇异暂现源及重复部分潮汐瓦解事件,为多样化潮汐瓦解事件提供了可靠通道。
AI 中文摘要
潮汐瓦解事件(TDE)的前身通常被建模为沿抛物线轨道绕超大质量黑洞(SMBH)运行的单颗恒星,但观测结果表明存在更丰富多样的动力学途径。我们证明,$10^6 M_\text{\textodot}$ 级 SMBH 对恒星双星的潮汐分离为产生偏心 TDE 提供了一种自然机制。我们利用受限三体动力学和光滑粒子流体动力学(SPH)模拟,对由类太阳恒星(SLS)和白矮星(WD)组成的沿抛物线轨道运行的双星进行建模。双星轨道相位决定了结果:一个组分被捕获到紧密束缚轨道,另一个被抛射为超高速天体,自然产生偏心率 $e \neq 1$ 的 TDE。我们将产生的事件分为椭圆 TDE(eTDE)和双曲线 TDE(hTDE),两者发生概率相等。对于约 88% 的双星取向,瓦解过程是干净的,WD 未吸积任何质量;剩余约 12% 分布在两个狭窄的双星相位窗口中,WD 会吸积物质并成为带有残骸包层的白矮星(WDDE)。该范围的约三分之一(即所有取向的约 4%)涉及近心点附近的 WD-SLS 直接碰撞,其回落峰值时间比单星情况早至多五倍,峰值强度高至多二十倍;在最内侧的约 1.5% 范围内,WDDE 的总质量超过 $1.4 M_\text{\textodot}$,尽管简并核心本身并未超过该值,因为吸积的物质形成了非简并包层。这表明结果范围从类新星事件到奇特类红巨星天体不等。根据双星相位的不同,该机制还可能产生重复部分 TDE(rTDE)和准周期爆发(QPE)。因此,双星-SMBH 相遇为产生具有不同观测特征的多样化 TDE 提供了一条可靠通道。
英文摘要
Tidal disruption event (TDE) progenitors are commonly modelled as single stars on parabolic orbits around a supermassive black hole (SMBH), yet observations reveal a richer diversity of dynamical pathways. We show that tidal separation of stellar binaries by a $10^6\,M_\odot$ SMBH provides a natural mechanism for producing eccentric TDEs. Using restricted three-body and SPH simulations, we model a solar-like star (SLS)--white dwarf (WD) binary on a parabolic orbit. The binary orbital phase governs the outcome: one component is captured onto a tightly bound orbit while the other is ejected as a hypervelocity object, naturally producing TDEs with eccentricities $e \neq 1$. We classify these into Elliptical TDEs (eTDEs) and Hyperbolic TDEs (hTDEs), occurring with equal probability. For $\sim 88\%$ of orientations the disruption is clean, with no mass accreted by the WD. The remaining $\sim 12\%$, in two narrow phase windows, leaves the WD with a captured debris envelope (WDDE). About a third of that, $\sim 4\%$ of orientations, involves a direct WD--SLS collision near pericenter, with fallback peaking up to five times earlier and twenty times higher than for a single star; for the innermost $\sim 1.5\%$ the total WDDE mass exceeds $1.4\,M_\odot$, though the degenerate core does not, since the captured material forms a non-degenerate envelope, suggesting outcomes ranging from nova-like events to peculiar red giant-like objects. Depending on the phase, the mechanism may also produce repeating partial TDEs (rTDEs) and quasi-periodic eruptions (QPEs). Binary--SMBH encounters provide a robust channel for generating diverse TDEs with distinct observational signatures.
Comments27 pages, 18 figues. Accepted for publication in MNRAS, 2026