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arXiv 2602.07934hep-ph
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中性B介子罕见衰变中Coulomb修正

Coulomb corrections in rare decays of neutral $B$ mesons with $\ell^+\ell^-$-pair in final state

Faculty of Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University(莫斯科国立大学物理系);Skobeltsyn Institute of Nuclear Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University(莫斯科国立大学索别利岑核物理研究所);Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology(莫斯科物理技术学院)

S. I. Manukhov, N. V. Nikitin

AI总结:

本文研究了中性B介子衰变中Coulomb修正对部分宽度预测的影响,发现其能显著减少理论与实验数据的差异,尤其在μ和τ轻子衰变中表现突出。

摘要:

我们系统地分析了中性B介子衰变中Coulomb修正,包括电轻子(B^0_{d,s}→ℓ^+ℓ^-)、半轻子(B^0_{d,s}→h^0ℓ^+ℓ^-,B^0_{d,s}→V^0ℓ^+ℓ^-)和辐射轻子(B^0_{d,s}→γℓ^+ℓ^-)衰变。通过比较Gamow-Sommerfeld-Sakharov因子、Crater-Alstine-Sazdjian应用到标量系统的精确相对论方法以及众所周知的一阶QED计算,对Coulomb因子进行了相对化。计算了微分、角分布和双微分分布以及部分衰变宽度的Coulomb修正。对于B_s^0→μ^+μ^-通道,Coulomb修正将部分宽度的预测改进到δ=|B^{(exp)}-B^{(theory)}|/B^{(exp)}=2%。这种改进使预测更接近LHCb/CMS实验结果,目前实验(11%)和理论(5%格点QCD)误差范围内。在B^0→K^0μ^+μ^-和B^0→K^{0*}μ^+μ^-衰变中,Coulomb效应也减少了理论预测与实验数据之间的差异(分别小于δ=1%和从δ=11%到δ=4%)。最后,在涉及τ轻子的衰变中,Coulomb修正K=B^{(Coulomb)}/B^{(free)}达到4%。虽然目前小于主导的形式因子不确定性和实验误差,但Coulomb修正代表了一个不可忽视的系统效应。在B物理的高精度时代,这种效应可能对潜在的新物理信号解释变得重要。

英文摘要:

We present a systematic analysis of Coulomb corrections for leptonic ($B^0_{d,s}\to \ell^+\ell^-$), semileptonic ($B^0_{d,s}\to h^0\,\ell^+\ell^-$, $B^0_{d,s}\to V^0\ell^+\ell^-$) and radiative leptonic ($B^0_{d,s}\to γ\ell^+\ell^-$) decays of neutral $B$-mesons. The relativization of the Coulomb factor was performed by comparing the Gamow-Sommerfeld-Sakharov factor, the exact relativistic approach of Crater-Alstine-Sazdjian applied by us to scalar systems, and well-known one-loop QED calculations. Coulomb corrections are calculated for differential, angular, and double-differential distributions, as well as for partial decay widths. We also discuss the role of the Coulomb factor among other QED corrections, in particular, the contribution of soft-photon radiation, which is effectively simulated in experiments by tools such as PHOTOS. For the $B_s^0 \to μ^+μ^-$ channel, Coulomb corrections improve the prediction of the partial width to $δ= |\mathcal{B}^{(exp)} - \mathcal{B}^{(theory)}|/\mathcal{B}^{(exp)} = 2\%$. This improvement brings the prediction closer to the LHCb/CMS experimental results within the current experimental (11\%) and theoretical (5\% lattice QCD) errors. In the decays $B^0\to K^0μ^+μ^-$ and $B^0 \to K^{0*}μ^+μ^-$, Coulomb effects also reduce the discrepancies between theoretical predictions and experimental data (from $δ= 2\%$ to less than $δ= 1\%$ and from $δ= 11\%$ to $δ= 4\%$ respectively). Finally, for the decays involving $τ$-leptons, the Coulomb correction reaches $4\%$. While currently smaller than the dominant form-factor uncertainties and experimental errors, the Coulomb correction represents a non-negligible systematic effect. It should be accounted for in the high-precision era of $B$-physics, where such effects may become significant for the interpretation of potential New Physics signals.

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