Realization of ferromagnetic ferroelectricity, combining two ferroic orders in a single phase, is the longstanding problem of great practical importance. One of the difficulties is that ferromagnetism alone cannot break inversion symmetry $\mathcal{I}$. Therefore, such a phase cannon be obtained by purely magnetic means. Here, we show how it can be designed by making orbital degrees of freedom active. The idea can be traced back to a basic principle of interatomic exchange, which states that an alternation of occupied orbitals along a bond (i.e., antiferro orbital order) favors ferromagnetic coupling. Moreover, the antiferro orbital order breaks $\mathcal{I}$, so that the bond becomes not simply ferromagnetic but also ferroelectric. Then, we formulate main principles governing the realization of such a state in solids, namely: (i) The magnetic atoms should not be located in inversion centers, as in the honeycomb lattice; (ii) The orbitals should be flexible enough to adjust they shape and minimize the energy of exchange interactions; (iii) This flexibility can be achieved by intraatomic interactions, which are responsible for Hund's second rule and compete with the crystal field splitting; (iv) For octahedrally coordinated transition-metal compounds, the most promising candidates appear to be iodides with a $d^{2}$ configuration and relatively weak $d$-$p$ hybridization. Such a situation is realized in the van der Walls compound VI$_3$, which we expect to be ferromagnetic ferroelectric.
Ferroelectricity driven by the non-centrosymmetric magnetic ordering in multiferroic TbMn_2O_5: a first-principles study
采用第一性原理计算研究了多铁性TbMn $_2$ O $_5$的基态结构、电子和磁性.结果表明,TbMn $_2$ O $_5$的铁电性是由非中心对称的磁有序驱动的,而没有引起自旋轨道耦合和非共线自旋.该化合物中的{ \it本征}电极化的强度计算为1187 $nC\cdot$ cm $^{-2}$,比以前认为的大一个数量级。
Improper Ferroelectricity in Helicoidal Antiferromagnet Cu3Nb2O8
Cu_3Nb_2O_8是一种特殊的多铁性化合物,在低温下会发生一系列磁有序。在TN 1 ~25 K下,电极化的强度同时发展,对应于非共线螺旋有序(Phys. Rev. Lett. 107,137205(2011))。但问题仍然存在于这种现象的微观起源。在此通信中,我们报告了一个详细的研究,诱导极性有序的Cu 3 Nb 2 O 8进行极化,磁化强度,介电常数和热容量的测量在很宽的温度范围和磁场。介电常数在磁场中表现出抑制作用,但不随外加磁场的施加而向低温方向移动。磁介电效应的出现表明,在磁场存在下,q相关的磁关联函数的贡献随着权重的增大而增大。这种磁关联函数是与铁轴矢量和我们的整体结果支持这种机制的观察Cu 3 Nb 2 O 8的multiliferroicity。
Two-dimensional (2D) ferromagnetic and ferroelectric materials attract unprecedented attention due to the spontaneous-symmetry-breaking induced novel properties and multifarious potential applications. Here we systematically investigate a large family (148) of 2D MGeX3 (M = metal elements, X = O/S/Se/Te) by means of the high-throughput first-principles calculations, and focus on their possible ferroic properties including ferromagnetism, ferroelectricity, and ferroelasticity. We discover eight stable 2D ferromagnets including five semiconductors and three half-metals, 21 2D antiferromagnets, a…
Metal-organic frameworks comprehend a wide class of hybrid organic-inorganic materials with general structure A$_m$BX$_n$, with $A$ and $X$ being organic molecules and B a metal cation. This often results in enhanced structural flexibility and new functionalities. Hybrid perovskites ABX$_3$ are a well-known example.} In an Iron-based perovskites, (DMA)Fe^{II-III}(COOH)_3, dimethylammonium (DMA) molecules are organized in a hexagonal structure. They are orientationally disordered at high temperatures, but order at around $T=100$~K in a peculiar toroidal pattern. Recent experimental and theoreti…
三金红石型LiFe $_2$ F $_6$是具有Fe $^{2+}$ /Fe $^{3+}$构型的电荷有序材料。本文从理论上研究了它的磁性、电子结构、相变和电荷有序等物理性质。一方面,电荷有序化导致了具有大极化的不适当的铁电性。另一方面,它的磁性基态可以通过适度的压缩应变从反铁磁调谐到亚铁磁。因此,LiFe $_2$ F $_6$可以是具有大磁化和极化的稀有多铁性。最重要的是,由于电荷有序是铁电性和磁化的共同成分,因此可以通过翻转极化来完全切换净磁化,从而呈现固有的强磁电效应和期望的功能。
Multiferroics with intrinsic ferromagnetism and ferroelectricity are highly desired but rather rare, while most ferroelectric magnets are antiferromagnetic. A recent theoretical work [Phys. Rev. B {\bf 99}, 195434 (2019)] predicted that oxyhalides VO$X_2$ ($X$: halogen) monolayers are two-dimensional multiferroics by violating the empirical $d^0$ rule. Most interestingly, the member VOI$_2$ are predicted to exhibit spontaneous ferromagnetism and ferroelectricity. In this work, we extend the previous study on the structure and magnetism of VOI$_2$ monolayer by using density functional theory an…
Possible ferrimagnetism and ferroelectricity of half-substituted rare-earth titanate: a first-principles study on Y$_{0.5}$La$_{0.5}$TiO$_3$
具有钙钛矿结构的钛酸盐,包括铁电体(例如,BaTiO $_3$)和铁磁材料(例如,YTiO($_3$)是重要的功能材料。最近的理论研究预测了应变EuTiO $_3$和钛酸盐超晶格中的多铁性态,其中前者已经被实验证实。在这里,第一性原理计算进行调查Y半取代的LaTiO 3的结构,磁性和电子性质。我们的研究结果表明,由于固有的相竞争,Y $_{0.5}$ La $_{0.5}$ TiO $_3$的磁性敏感地依赖于其结构细节。最低能态是铁磁态,导致0.25 $μ_{\rm B}$ /Ti。此外,Y $_{0.5}$ La $_{0.5}$ TiO $_3$的某些构型表现出混合的非正常极化,这可以显著地受到磁性的影响,从而导致多铁性。由于取代的猝灭无序,具有随机A位离子的真正Y $_{0.5}$ La $_{0.5}$ TiO 3材料可能表现出有趣的弛豫行为。
Investigating the competition between ferroelectric ordering and quantum fluctuations is essential to tailor the desired functionalities of mixed ferroelectric and incipient ferroelectric systems, like, (Ba,Sr)TiO3 and (Eu,Ba)TiO3. Recently, it has been shown that suppression of quantum fluctuations increases ferroelectric ordering in (Eu,Ba)TiO3 and since these phenomena are coupled to crystallographic phase transitions it is essential to understand the role of phonons. Here, we observe that the unusual temperature dependence of phonons in BaTiO3 gets suppressed when Ba2+ is replaced by Eu2+.…
本文综述了铁电有序和无公度磁有序同时发生的系统的磁电耦合序参量的唯象。我们讨论的作用,这种材料可能在制造新型磁电器件。然后,我们简要回顾了平均场描述的铁电性和调制磁有序作为初步分析的自发极化和序参量描述长程调制磁有序之间的相互作用的对称性。作为说明,我们展示了如何制定提供了一个唯象的解释所观察到的相变在镍$_3$ V $_2$ O $_8$和TbMnO $_3$,其中铁电和磁序参量同时成为非零在一个单一的相变。此外,该方法解释了自发极化仅沿特定晶体学方向出现的事实。我们分析了交换张量的应变依赖性的对称性,并表明它是一致的宏观对称性分析。最后,我们简要讨论了我们的方法可能是相关的,在理解其他系统与耦合的磁性和铁电秩序,更重要的是,这些原则如何涉及到寻找材料在室温下具有较大的磁电耦合。
Coexistence of ferromagnetism and ferroelectricity in the van der Waals multiferroic CuIn0.2V0.8P2S6
D crystal consortium, Materials Research Institute, Pennsylvania State University(宾夕法尼亚州立大学材料研究所);Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University(宾夕法尼亚州立大学物理系);Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Quantum Technology Center, University of Maryland(马里兰大学电气与计算机工程系及量子技术中心);Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University(密歇根州立大学化学系);Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pennsylvania State University(宾夕法尼亚州立大学材料科学与工程系)
Ferroelectricity Induced by Incommensurate Magnetism
铁电性已被发现发生在几个绝缘系统中,如TbMnO $_3$(TMO)和Ni $_3$ V $_2$ O $_8$(NVO),它们具有多个具有连续调制的长程磁序的相。在这里,我们给出了一个唯象模型,它涉及的对称性的磁结构,从中子衍射的发展和取向的自发铁电矩诱导的磁有序。这个模型直接导致制定的微观自旋-声子相互作用给出解释所观察到的现象。结果给出的交换张量相对于广义位移的NVO的具体例子的梯度。假设这些梯度现在将是使用LDA或相关方案的第一性原理计算的目标。
Two-dimensional (2D) multiferroics have been casted great attention owing to their promising prospects for miniaturized electronic and memory devices.Here, we proposed a highly stable 2D multiferroic, VOF monolayer, which is an intrinsic ferromagnetic half semiconductor with large spin polarization ~2 $μ_{B}/V$ atom and a significant uniaxial magnetic anisotropy along a-axis (410 $μeV/V$ atom). Meanwhile, it shows excellent ferroelectricity with a large spontaneous polarization 32.7 $μC/cm^{2}$ and a moderate energy barrier (~43 meV/atom) between two ferroelectric states, which can be ascribed…
Ferroelectricity in the 1 $μ$C cm$^{-2}$ range induced by canted antiferromagnetism in (LaMn$_{3}$)Mn$_{4}$O$_{12}$
四重钙钛矿(LaMn $_{3}$)Mn $_{4}$ O $_{12}$的多晶样品上的热释电电流和磁电耦合测量给出了由$B$ -站点Mn $^{3+}$离子的反铁磁有序驱动的铁电性的证据,在$T_{N,B}$ =78 K,剩余电极化的记录值高达$P$ =0.56 $μ$ C cm $^{-2}$。X射线衍射测量表明,在$T_{N,B}$处,$P$处于$ac$ -平面内,磁矩共线,表明交换伸缩是自旋驱动铁电性的机制.预期单晶中的极化值$\sim$ 3 $μ$ C cm $^{-2}$,这将为实际的多铁性应用开辟道路。
Two-dimensional ferroelectrics (FEs) are promising in the miniaturization of memory devices with ultra-high-density data storage and low power consumption. However, many thiophosphate monolayers, i.e., analogs of CuInP$_2$S$_6$ and referred to as ABP$_2$X$_6$, lose ferroelectricity and instead exhibit an antiferroelectric (AFE) or paraelectric ordering. We propose to tune the AFE ABP$_2$X$_6$ monolayers into the FE ordering through interface engineering. The mechanism is that there are couplings between the charge polarizations of the ABP$_2$X$_6$ monolayers and the local dipoles as well as th…
Combining ferroelectricity with other properties such as visible light absorption or long-range magnetic order requires the discovery of new families of ferroelectric materials. Here, through the analysis of a high-throughput database of phonon band structures, we identify a new structural family of anti-Ruddlesden-Popper phases A$_4$X$_2$O (A=Ca, Sr, Ba, Eu, X=Sb, P, As, Bi) showing ferroelectric and anti-ferroelectric behaviors. The discovered ferroelectrics belong to the new class of hyperferroelectrics which polarize even under open-circuit boundary conditions. The polar distortion involve…