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arXiv 2602.00873hep-ph
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时变电场中真空极化与对偶产生:一种量子动力学方程方法

Vacuum polarization and pair production in time-dependent electric fields: A quantum-kinetic-equation approach

Saint Petersburg State University(圣彼得堡国立大学);University of Iceland(冰岛大学)

I. A. Aleksandrov, V. A. Bokhan, A. I. Baksheev, A. Kudlis

AI总结:

研究时变电场中真空极化与对偶产生,采用量子动力学方程方法计算可观测量并提供理论基础。

摘要:

在非微扰框架下,研究了在任意极化时间依赖外部电场中真空态的演化。在我们之前的工作[Phys. Rev. Res. 6, 043009 (2024)]中,通过使用由单粒子哈密顿量本征函数构造的绝热基,推导出QKEs的修订版本。在本研究中,我们对这些方程进行了广泛分析,特别强调可观测量。具体来说,我们计算了动量分辨的粒子产量、诱导的电子-正电子电流、能量动量张量和角动量张量。我们还详细讨论了去除对数发散所需的电荷重整化程序。证明了我们的结果与通过狄拉克-海森堡-威格正式方法获得的先前发现一致。我们的分析为强电场中非微扰效应的研究提供了更坚实的理论基础。

英文摘要:

The evolution of the vacuum state in a time-dependent external electric field of arbitrary polarization is investigated within a nonperturbative framework of quantum kinetic equations (QKEs). In our previous work [Phys. Rev. Res. 6, 043009 (2024)], a revised version of the QKEs was derived by using an adiabatic basis constructed from one-particle Hamiltonian eigenfunctions in a spatially homogeneous electric field. In this study, we present an extensive analysis of these equations with particular emphasis on observable quantities. Specifically, we compute momentum-resolved particle yields, the induced electron-positron current, the energy-momentum tensor, and the angular-momentum tensor. We also discuss in detail the charge-renormalization procedure required to remove logarithmic divergences. It is shown that our results are consistent with the previous findings obtained via the Dirac-Heisenberg-Wigner formalism. Our analysis provides a firmer theoretical basis for investigations of nonperturbative effects in strong electric fields.

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