强电场中电子-正电子真空不稳定性。相对论半经典方法
Electron-positron vacuum instability in strong electric fields. Relativistic semiclassical approach
摘要：
研究了强电场中正负电子真空的不稳定性。首先在$Z>137/2$中讨论了无自旋玻色子和电子的库仑中心，然后重点讨论了带电荷$Z>137$的有限大小原子核场中的深电子能级和正电子的自发产生.接着，研究了这些效应在低能重离子碰撞中的应用。然后，我们考虑了在含有$Z\gg Z_{\rm cr}$的超荷核场中，穿过下连续区$ε=-m$边界的上连续区能级上的“电子凝聚”现象。最后，注意力集中在多粒子问题的极化的QED真空和电子凝聚在超短距离的电荷源。我们主张的主要区别的情况下，当源的大小是大于极的大小$r_{\rm pole}$，在真空的介电常数达到零，和较小的$r_{\rm pole}$。一些论点有利于QED的逻辑一致性。所有的问题都被认为是在相同的相对论半经典的方法。
英文摘要：
Instability of electron-positron vacuum in strong electric fields is studied. First, falling to the Coulomb center is discussed at $Z>137/2$ for a spinless boson and at $Z>137$ for electron. Then, focus is concentrated on description of deep electron levels and spontaneous positron production in the field of a finite-size nucleus with the charge $Z>Z_{\rm cr}\simeq 170$. Next, these effects are studied in application to the low-energy heavy-ion collisions. Then, we consider phenomenon of "electron condensation" on levels of upper continuum crossed the boundary of the lower continuum $ε=-m$ in the field of a supercharged nucleus with $Z\gg Z_{\rm cr}$. Finally, attention is focused on many-particle problems of polarization of the QED vacuum and electron condensation at ultra-short distances from a source of charge. We argue for a principal difference of cases, when the size of the source is larger than the pole size $r_{\rm pole}$, at which the dielectric permittivity of the vacuum reaches zero, and smaller $r_{\rm pole}$. Some arguments are presented in favor of the logical consistency of QED. All problems are considered within the same relativistic semiclassical approach.
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