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arXiv 2512.00530physics.plasm-ph
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边缘局域模热负荷对等离子体面材料的影响通过在达马万德托卡马克中使用失控电子进行研究

Edge-localized-mode heat load effects on plasma-facing materials studied using runaway electrons in the Damavand tokamak

Amirkabir University of Technology(阿米尔卡比尔理工大学)

Ali Masoudi, Davoud Iraji, Chapar Rasouli

AI总结:

达马万德托卡马克通过研究失控电子热负荷模拟ELMs对等离子体面材料的影响

摘要:

边缘局域模(ELMs)和失控电子(REs)对所有托卡马克装置都构成了重大挑战,并且是潜在的热源,可能缩短等离子体面材料(PFMs)的寿命。这些热负荷可以表现为多种有害影响,包括熔化、溅射、开裂、鼓泡和其他形式的材料退化。虽然ELMs是托卡马克H模式操作中的固有特征,但失控电子在所有托卡马克装置规模上都可能构成潜在威胁。在如ITER等装置中,即使有缓解策略,ELMs仍可能对PFMs施加相当大的热负荷,达到约1 MJ/m²的水平。存在各种方法可以实验性地模拟ELMs对PFMs的热负荷影响。在本研究中,考虑了小规模托卡马克中失控电子的热负荷以达到此目的。小规模托卡马克的存在,如达马万德实验,有助于研究失控电子能量沉积。分析实验数据表明,达马万德托卡马克放电中由等离子体不稳定性产生的失控电子群体在PFMs的1 cm²面积上表现出热密度在MJ/m²到1 cm²的范围。此外,考虑到平均失控电子能量为1 MeV以及当前放电电流,计算表明每个放电中失控电子群体的平均总能量约为1 kJ,随后沉积在托卡马克限界器上。考虑到限界器的表面积并假设只有40%的失控电子能量转移到它,计算出的热负荷密度达到MJ/m²的量级,与在大型融合装置中观察到的ELMs事件的热负荷相当。这种对应关系使达马万德托卡马克能够研究大型托卡马克中ELMs对PFMs的热负荷影响。

英文摘要:

Edge localized modes (ELMs) and runaway electrons (REs) pose significant challenges for all Tokamak devices and act as potent heat sources, potentially shortening the lifespan of plasma-facing materials (PFMs). These thermal loads can manifest in various detrimental effects, including melting, sputtering, cracking, blistering, and other forms of material degradation. While the ELMs are an intrinsic feature of H-mode operation in Tokamaks, runaway electrons pose a potential threat across all Tokamak device scales.In devices such as ITER, even with mitigation strategies, the ELMs can still impose considerable heat loads on the PFMs, reaching levels of approximately 1 MJ/m2. Various methods exist to experimentally simulate the heat load effects of ELMs on PFMs. In this study, the thermal loads from REs in small-scale Tokamaks are considered for this purpose.The presence of small-scale Tokamaks, exemplified by the Damavand experiment, facilitates the investigation of RE energy deposition. Analysis of the experimental data indicates that the REs populations generated by plasma instabilities within the Damavand Tokamak discharges exhibit heat densities on the order of MJ/m2 to 1 cm2 area PFMs. Furthermore, considering an average REs energy of 1 MeV and the prevailing discharge current, calculations indicate that the average total energy of the REs population per discharge is approximately 1 kJ, which is subsequently deposited on the Tokamak limiter. Considering the limiter's surface area and assuming that only 40% of the REs energy is transferred to it, the calculated heat load density reaches the order of MJ/m2, comparable to that observed during the ELMs events in large-scale fusion devices. This correspondence enables the Damavand Tokamak to investigate thermal loas effects of ELMs on PFMs in large-scale Tokamaks.

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