A general procedure of affinization of linear algebra structures is illustrated by the case of Leibniz algebras. Specifically, the definition of an affine Leibniz bracket, that is, a bi-affine operation on an affine space that at each tangent vector space becomes a (bi-linear) Leibniz bracket in terms of a tri-affine operation called a Leibnizian, is given. An affine space together with such an operation is called a Leibniz affgebra. It is shown that any Leibniz algebra can be extended to a family of Leibniz affgebras. Depending on the choice of a Leibnizian different types of Leibniz affgebras are introduced. These include: derivative-type, which captures the derivation property of linear Leibniz bracket; homogeneous-type, which is based on the simplest and least restrictive choice of the Leibnizian; Lie-type which includes all Lie affgebras introduced in [R.R. Andruszkiewicz, T. Brzeziński & K. Radziszewski, Lie affgebras vis-à-vis Lie algebras, Res. Math. 80 (2025), art. 61.]. Each type is illustrated by examples with prescribed Leibniz algebra fibres.
This paper is devoted to the complete algebraic and geometric classification of complex $4$-dimensional nilpotent weakly associative, complex $4$-dimensional symmetric Leibniz algebras, and complex $5$-dimensional nilpotent symmetric Leibniz algebras. In particular, we proved that the variety of complex $4$-dimensional symmetric Leibniz algebras has no Vergne--Grunewald--O'Halloran Property (there is an irreducible component formed by only nilpotent algebras), but on the other hand, it has Vergne Property (there are no rigid nilpotent algebras).
In this paper, we study a class of Leibniz conformal algebras called quadratic Leibniz conformal algebras. An equivalent characterization of a Leibniz conformal algebra $R=\mathbb{C}[\partial]V$ through three algebraic operations on $V$ are given. By this characterization, several constructions of quadratic Leibniz conformal algebras are presented. Moreover, one-dimensional central extensions of quadratic Leibniz conformal algebras are considered using some bilinear forms on $V$. In particular, we also study one-dimensional Leibniz central extensions of quadratic Lie conformal algebras.
Representations of color Hom-Lie algebras are reviewed, and it is shown that there exist a series of coboundary operators. We also introduce the notion of a color omni-Hom-Lie algebra associated to a vector space and an even invertible linear map. We show how regular color Hom-Lie algebra structures on a vector space can be characterized. Moreover, it is shown that the underlying algebraic structure of the color omni-Hom-Lie algebra is a color Hom-Leibniz algebra.
This paper concerns the algebraic structure of finite-dimensional complex Leibniz algebras. In particular, we introduce left central and symmetric Leibniz algebras, and study the poset of Lie subalgebras using an associative bilinear pairing taking values in the Leibniz kernel.
The paper is devoted to classification problem of finite dimensional complex none Lie filiform Leibniz algebras. Actually, the observations show there are two resources to get classification of filiform Leibniz algebras. The first of them is naturally graded none Lie filiform Leibniz algebras and the another one is naturally graded filiform Lie algebras. Using the first resource we get two disjoint classes of filiform Leibniz algebras. The present paper deals with the second of the above two classes, the first class has been considered in our previous paper. The algebraic classification here m…
In this paper, using the notions of perturbation and contraction of Lie and Leibniz algebras, we show that the algebraic varieties of Leibniz and nilpotent Leibniz algebras of dimension greater than 2 are reducible.
We give algebraic and geometric classifications of $4$-dimensional complex nilpotent terminal algebras. Specifically, we find that, up to isomorphism, there are $41$ one-parameter families of $4$-dimensional nilpotent terminal (non-Leibniz) algebras, $18$ two-parameter families of $4$-dimensional nilpotent terminal (non-Leibniz) algebras, $2$ three-parameter families of $4$-dimensional nilpotent terminal (non-Leibniz) algebras, complemented by $21$ additional isomorphism classes. The corresponding geometric variety has dimension 17 and decomposes into 3 irreducible components determined by the…
We show that for fields that are of characteristic 0 or algebraically closed of characteristic greater than 5, that certain classes of Leibniz algebras are 2-recognizeable. These classes are solvable, strongly solvable and super solvable. These results hold in Lie algebras and in general for groups.
The notion of a Hom-Leibniz bialgebra is introduced and it is shown that matched pairs of Hom-Leibniz algebras, Manin triples of Hom-Leibniz algebras and Hom-Leibniz bialgebras are equivalent in a certain sense. The notion of Hom-Leibniz dendriform algebra is established, their bimodules and matched pairs are defined and their properties and theorems about their interplay and construction are obtained. Furthermore, the concept of BiHom-Leibniz dendriform algebras is introduced and discussed, their bimodules and matched pairs are constructed and properties are described. Finally, the connection…
In this paper we focus on algebraic aspects of contractions of Lie and Leibniz algebras. The rigidity of algebras plays an important role in the study of their varieties. The rigid algebras generate the irreducible components of this variety. We deal with Leibniz algebras which are generalizations of Lie algebras. In Lie algebras case, there are different kind of rigidities (rigidity, absolutely rigidity, geometric rigidity and e.c.t.). We explore the relations of these rigidities with Leibniz algebra rigidity. Necessary conditions for a Lie algebra to be Leibniz rigid are discussed.
Given a symmetric Leibniz algebra $(\mathcal{L},.)$, the product is Lie-admissible and defines a Lie algebra bracket $[\;,\;]$ on $\mathcal{L}$. Let $G$ be the connected and simply-connected Lie group associated to $(\mathcal{L},[\;,\;])$. We endow $G$ with a Lie rack structure such that the right Leibniz algebra induced on $T_eG$ is exactly $(\mathcal{L},.)$. The obtained Lie rack is said to be associated to the symmetric Leibniz algebra $(\mathcal{L},.)$. We classify symmetric Leibniz algebras in dimension 3 and 4 and we determine all the associated Lie racks. Some of such Lie racks give ris…
In this paper, we introduce the notion of the Hom-Leibniz-Rinehart algebra as an algebraic analogue of Hom-Leibniz algebroid, and prove that such an arbitrary split regular Hom-Leibniz-Rinehart algebra $L$ is of the form $L=U+\sum_γI_γ$ with $U$ a subspace of a maximal abelian subalgebra $H$ and any $I_γ$, a well described ideal of $L$, satisfying $[I_γ, I_δ]= 0$ if $[γ]\neq [δ]$. In the sequel, we develop techniques of connections of roots and weights for split Hom-Leibniz-Rinehart algebras respectively. Finally, we study the structures of tight split regular Hom-Leibniz-Rinehart algebras.
We consider the moment map $m:\mathbb{P}V_n\rightarrow \text{i}\mathfrak{u}(n)$ for the action of $\text{GL}(n)$ on $V_n=\otimes^{2}(\mathbb{C}^{n})^{*}\otimes\mathbb{C}^{n}$, and study the functional $F_n=\|m\|^{2}$ restricted to the projectivizations of the algebraic varieties of all $n$-dimensional Leibniz algebras $L_n$ and all $n$-dimensional symmetric Leibniz algebras $S_n$, respectively. Firstly, we give a description of the maxima and minima of the functional $F_n: L_n \rightarrow \mathbb{R}$, proving that they are actually attained at the symmetric Leibniz algebras. Then, for an arbit…
This article gives a local answer to the coquecigrue problem. Hereby we mean the problem, formulated by J-L. Loday in \cite{LodayEns}, is that of finding a generalization of the Lie's third theorem for Leibniz algebra. That is, we search a manifold provided with an algebraic structure which generalizes the structure of a (local) Lie group, and such that the tangent space at a distinguished point is a Leibniz algebra structure. Moreover, when the Leibniz algebra is a Lie algebra, we want that the integrating manifold is a Lie group. In his article \cite{Kinyon}, M.K. Kinyon solves the particula…
We characterise Lie groups with bi-invariant bargmannian, galilean or carrollian structures. Localising at the identity, we show that Lie algebras with ad-invariant bargmannian, carrollian or galilean structures are actually determined by the same data: a metric Lie algebra with a skew-symmetric derivation. This is the same data defining a one-dimensional double extension of the metric Lie algebra and, indeed, bargmannian Lie algebras coincide with such double extensions, containing carrollian Lie algebras as an ideal and projecting to galilean Lie algebras. This sets up a canonical correspond…
A Hom-algebra structure is a multiplication on a vector space where the structure is twisted by a homomorphism. The structure of Hom-Lie algebra was introduced by Hartwig, Larsson and Silvestrov and extended by Larsson and Silvestrov to quasi-hom Lie and quasi-Lie algebras. In this paper we introduce and study Hom-associative, Hom-Leibniz, and Hom-Lie admissible algebraic structures which generalize the well known associative, Leibniz and Lie admissible algebras. Also, we characterize the flexible Hom-algebras in this case. We also explain some connections between Hom-Lie algebras and Santilli…
In this paper we construct "structural" pre-braidings characterizing different algebraic structures: a rack, an associative algebra, a Leibniz algebra and their representations. Some of these pre-braidings seem original. On the other hand, we propose a general homology theory for pre-braided vector spaces and braided modules, based on the quantum co-shuffle comultiplication. Applied to the structural pre-braidings above, it gives a generalization and a unification of many known homology theories. All the constructions are categorified, resulting in particular in their super- and co-versions. L…
In this paper, first we introduce the notion of a nonabelian embedding tensor, which is a nonabelian generalization of an embedding tensor. Then we introduce the notion of a Leibniz-Lie algebra, which is the underlying algebraic structure of a nonabelian embedding tensor, and can also be viewed as a nonabelian generalization of a Leibniz algebra. Next using the derived bracket, we construct a differential graded Lie algebra, whose Maurer-Cartan elements are exactly nonabelian embedding tensors. Consequently, we obtain the differential graded Lie algebra that governs deformations of a nonabelia…
We study the relation between algebraic structures and Graph Theory. We have defined five different weighted digraphs associated to a finite dimensional algebra over a field in order to tackle important properties of the associated algebras, mainly the nilpotency and solvability in the case of Leibniz algebras.
In this review article, first we give the concrete formulas of representations and cohomologies of associative algebras, Lie algebras, pre-Lie algebras, Leibniz algebras and 3-Lie algebras and some of their strong homotopy analogues. Then we recall the graded Lie algebras and graded associative algebras that characterize these algebraic structures as Maurer-Cartan elements. The corresponding Maurer-Cartan element equips the graded Lie or associative algebra with a differential. Then the deformations of the given algebraic structures are characterized as the Maurer-Cartan elements of the result…
We introduce the notion of omni-Lie superalgebra as a super version of the omni-Lie algebra introduced by Weinstein. This algebraic structure gives a nontrivial example of Leibniz superalgebra and Lie 2-superalgebra. We prove that there is a one-to-one correspondence between Dirac structures of the omni-Lie superalgebra and Lie superalgebra structures on subspaces of a super vector space.
Factor systems are a tool for working on the extension problem of algebraic structures such as groups, Lie algebras, and associative algebras. Their applications are numerous and well-known in these common settings. We construct $\mathscr{P}$ algebra analogues to a series of results from W. R. Scott's $\textit{Group Theory}$, which gives an explicit theory of factor systems for the group case. Here $\mathscr{P}$ ranges over Leibniz, Zinbiel, diassociative, and dendriform algebras, which we dub "the algebras of Loday," as well as over Lie, associative, and commutative algebras. Fixing a pair of…
This paper reviews the properties and applications of certain n-ary generalizations of Lie algebras in a self-contained and unified way. These generalizations are algebraic structures in which the two entries Lie bracket has been replaced by a bracket with n entries. Each type of n-ary bracket satisfies a specific characteristic identity which plays the rôle of the Jacobi identity for Lie algebras. Particular attention will be paid to generalized Lie algebras, which are defined by even multibrackets obtained by antisymmetrizing the associative products of its n components and that satisfy the …
