arXiv 2502.112022025-02-16nucl-th

相对论流体动力学中的随机重子电荷输运

Stochastic baryon charge transport in relativistic hydrodynamics

Nicolas Borghini, Baochi Fu, Sören Schlichting

备注：: 16 pages, 17 figures

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AI总结：

本研究在MUSIC中实现线性化3+1维随机重子电荷输运，以较低成本模拟高能重离子碰撞，验证其与解析解一致，并揭示涨落关联对重子扩散系数的敏感性。

摘要：

我们利用3+1维随机流体动力学来研究高能重离子碰撞中重子电荷的关联与涨落。重子电荷涨落是探测QCD相图的重要观测量，但由于数值不稳定性和高昂的计算需求，采用随机流体动力学进行动力学描述仍具挑战性。在本工作中，我们采用线性化方法，使我们能够分别模拟电荷中性流体的背景能量—动量演化和随机重子输运过程，从而在保持足够精度的同时大幅降低计算成本。我们在黏滞流体动力学程序MUSIC中实现了这种线性化随机电荷演化，并发现它能很好地描述针对各种状态方程和输运系数的1+1维解析解的两点关联。特别地，流体动力学计算展示了不同的快度间隔如何探测源自演化不同时刻的电荷涨落。我们还研究了Cooper–Frye冻出后的净重子关联，结果与解析计算表现出良好的一致性，并表明这些由涨落诱导的关联对重子扩散系数敏感。

英文摘要：

We utilize 3+1D stochastic hydrodynamics to study correlations and fluctuations of baryon charge in high-energy heavy-ion collisions. The baryon charge fluctuations are important observables to probe the QCD phase diagram, yet a dynamical description with stochastic hydrodynamics remains challenging due to numerical instabilities and high computational demands. In this work, we employ a linearized approach, allowing us to separately simulate the background energy-momentum evolution of a charge-neutral fluid and the stochastic baryon transport processes, thereby largely reducing computational cost while maintaining sufficient accuracy. We implement this linearized stochastic charge evolution in the viscous hydrodynamic code MUSIC, and find that it nicely describes the two-point correlation of 1+1D analytical solutions for various equations of state and transport coefficients. In particular, the hydrodynamic calculations demonstrate how different rapidity separations probe charge fluctuations originating at different times of the evolution. We also investigate the net baryon correlations after the Cooper--Frye freeze out, which show good consistency with the analytical calculations and indicate that these fluctuation-induced correlations are sensitive to the baryon diffusion coefficient.

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