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arXiv 2502.01484cs.RO
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通过探索性机器人运动进行机器人单元建模:一种新颖且易用的数据驱动方法

Robot Cell Modeling via Exploratory Robot Motions: A Novel and Accessible Data-Driven Approach

KUKA Deutschland GmbH(德国库卡股份有限公司)

Gaetano Meli, Niels Dehio

AI总结:

针对机器人单元环境建模难度高、成本大的问题,提出仅用内部关节编码器采集探索运动数据、通过计算扫掠体积生成环境网格的低成本数据驱动方法,经KUKA协作机器人验证可快速实现精确建模,易用性强且适用范围广。

摘要:

生成无碰撞的机器人运动对于现实场景中的安全应用至关重要。这需要对受限机器人单元内所有障碍物的形状建立精确模型,而这项工作极具挑战性且耗时。在柔性生产线中,这一难度进一步加大,因为每次机器人单元发生改动时,环境模型都必须更新。此外,基于传感器的方法通常需要昂贵的硬件和校准流程,还会受到环境因素(例如光照条件或反射)的影响。为应对这些挑战,我们提出了一种用于杂乱工作空间建模的新型数据驱动方法,该方法仅利用机器人内部关节编码器来采集探索性运动数据。通过计算对应的扫掠体积(swept volume, SV),我们生成了环境的(保守型)网格模型,随后可将其用于现有路径规划与控制方法中的碰撞检测。我们的方法无需计算机辅助设计(computer-aided design, CAD)文件和外部传感器,大幅降低了传统环境建模的复杂度和成本。我们在拾取放置场景中使用KUKA LBR iisy协作机器人对该方法进行了验证。在不到三分钟的机器人探索运动和额外不到四分钟的计算时间内,我们就得到了可实现无碰撞运动的精确模型。我们的方法直观易用,让没有专业技术知识的用户也能使用,适用于所有类型的工业机器人或协作机器人。

英文摘要:

Generating a collision-free robot motion is crucial for safe applications in real-world settings. This requires an accurate model of all obstacle shapes within the constrained robot cell, which is particularly challenging and time-consuming. The difficulty is heightened in flexible production lines, where the environment model must be updated each time the robot cell is modified. Furthermore, sensor-based methods often necessitate costly hardware and calibration procedures and can be influenced by environmental factors (e.g., light conditions or reflections). To address these challenges, we present a novel data-driven approach to modeling a cluttered workspace, leveraging solely the robot internal joint encoders to capture exploratory motions. By computing the corresponding swept volume (SV), we generate a (conservative) mesh of the environment that is subsequently used for collision checking within established path planning and control methods. Our method significantly reduces the complexity and cost of classical environment modeling by removing the need for computer-aided design (CAD) files and external sensors. We validate the approach with the KUKA LBR iisy collaborative robot in a pick-and-place scenario. In less than three minutes of exploratory robot motions and less than four additional minutes of computation time, we obtain an accurate model that enables collision-free motions. Our approach is intuitive and easy to use, making it accessible to users without specialized technical knowledge. It is applicable to all types of industrial robots or cobots.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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