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arXiv 2501.09404q-fin.TR
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基于智能体的永续期货市场模拟

Agent-Based Simulation of a Perpetual Futures Market

Ramshreyas Rao

AI总结:

本文扩展经典限价订单簿模型,构建含异质交易智能体的永续期货市场模拟框架,验证其价格锚定特性,分析多类参数对期现货溢价的影响,并复现多空交易者的行为偏向特征。

摘要:

本文提出了一个基于智能体的永续期货(Perpetual Futures,以下简称Perps)市场模型,其中异质智能体通过中央限价订单簿进行交易。Perps是由经济学家Robert Shiller提出的金融衍生品,设计目标是使其价格锚定标的现货市场的价格。本文扩展了Chiarella等人(2002)的限价订单簿模型,采用其原本为简单股票交易所设计的智能体与订单簿参数,将其应用于更复杂的Perps市场环境——该市场中存在多头和空头交易者,他们同时表现出持仓交易和基差交易行为。研究发现,尽管智能体行为较为简单,但模拟能够复现Perps市场最显著的特征:Perp价格锚定标的现货价格。与旨在复现收益率尖峰厚尾、异方差性、波动率聚集等经验特征事实的股票市场基础模拟不同,在衍生品市场中,许多这类特征是由标的现货价格信号外生提供的。这一点在Perps中尤为突出,因为该衍生品的设计初衷就是模仿现货市场的价格。因此,本文将专门分析订单存续期、交易周期、买卖价差等市场与智能体参数如何影响Perps相对于标的现货市场的交易溢价。研究表明,该模拟为探索永续期货市场的动态及其微观结构提供了一个简单且稳健的环境。最后,本文探究了模型复现“多头交易者偏向持仓交易、空头交易者偏向基差交易”这一效应的能力——这既是市场设计的初衷,也是真实Perps市场中观察到的经验趋势。

英文摘要:

I introduce an agent-based model of a Perpetual Futures market with heterogeneous agents trading via a central limit order book. Perpetual Futures (henceforth Perps) are financial derivatives introduced by the economist Robert Shiller, designed to peg their price to that of the underlying Spot market. This paper extends the limit order book model of Chiarella et al. (2002) by taking their agent and orderbook parameters, designed for a simple stock exchange, and applying it to the more complex environment of a Perp market with long and short traders who exhibit both positional and basis-trading behaviors. I find that despite the simplicity of the agent behavior, the simulation is able to reproduce the most salient feature of a Perp market, the pegging of the Perp price to the underlying Spot price. In contrast to fundamental simulations of stock markets which aim to reproduce empirically observed stylized facts such as the leptokurtosis and heteroscedasticity of returns, volatility clustering and others, in derivatives markets many of these features are provided exogenously by the underlying Spot price signal. This is especially true of Perps since the derivative is designed to mimic the price of the Spot market. Therefore, this paper will focus exclusively on analyzing how market and agent parameters such as order lifetime, trading horizon and spread affect the premiums at which Perps trade with respect to the underlying Spot market. I show that this simulation provides a simple and robust environment for exploring the dynamics of Perpetual Futures markets and their microstructure in this regard. Lastly, I explore the ability of the model to reproduce the effects of biasing long traders to trade positionally and short traders to basis-trade, which was the original intention behind the market design, and is a tendency observed empirically in real Perp markets.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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