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arXiv 2501.04872astro-ph.IMastro-ph.GA
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大地测量 VLBI 的视差延迟与基本轴的非正交性

Parallactic delay for geodetic VLBI and non-orthogonality of the fundamental axes

Oleg Titov, Angelina Osetrova

AI总结:

针对 Gaia 与大地测量 VLBI 一致观测到的约 -16 μas 负视差,本文扩展群相对论延迟模型,将其归因于参考射电源定义的基本轴非正交性,并讨论其与 Gödel 型宇宙旋转的联系。

摘要:

Gaia 光学天体测量任务已经测量了天空中数百万个天体的精确位置,其中包括也通过甚长基线干涉测量(Very Long Baseline Interferometry,VLBI)观测的河外源。在最近的 Gaia EDR3 发布中,报告了一种幅度约为 -17 μas 的负视差效应,据推测这源于与相对论延迟模型相关的技术原因。最近对一组长达30年的大地测量 VLBI 数据的分析揭示了类似的负视差,其幅度为 -15.8 ± 0.5 μas。由于光学和射电这两种天体测量技术对该负视差给出了一致估计,因此有必要研究这一效应的潜在起源。我们开发了扩展的群相对论延迟模型,以纳入距离小于 1 Mpc 的射电源的附加视差效应,并发现表观周年信号可能由于基本轴的非正交性而出现,而这些基本轴是由参考射电源自身的位置定义的。与传统的视差椭圆不同,在这种情况下,所有天体的表观周年效应都表现为圆周运动,与其黄纬无关。所测得的这种圆周效应幅度处于 10–15 μas 范围内,这与 ICRF3 基本轴的稳定性相一致。如果应用 Gödel 型宇宙学度规,也可能产生这种周年圆周效应,这表明未来该现象可用于指示整体宇宙旋转。

英文摘要:

The Gaia optical astrometric mission has measured the precise positions of millions of objects in the sky, including extragalactic sources also observed by Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI). In the recent Gaia EDR3 release, an effect of negative parallax with a magnitude of approximately -17 $μ$as was reported, presumably due to technical reasons related to the relativistic delay model. A recent analysis of a 30-year set of geodetic VLBI data revealed a similar negative parallax with an amplitude of $-15.8 \pm 0.5$ $ μ$as. Since both astrometric techniques, optical and radio, provide consistent estimates of this negative parallax, it is necessary to investigate the potential origin of this effect. We developed the extended group relativistic delay model to incorporate the additional parallactic effect for radio sources at distances less than 1 Mpc and found that the apparent annual signal might appear due the non-orthogonality of the fundamental axes, which are defined by the positions of the reference radio sources themselves. Unlike the conventional parallactic ellipse, the apparent annual effect in this case appears as a circular motion for all objects independently of their ecliptic latitude. The measured amplitude of this circular effect is within a range of 10-15 $μ$as that is consistent with the ICRF3 stability of the fundamental axis. This annual circular effect could also arise if a Gödel-type cosmological metric were applied, suggesting that, in the future, this phenomenon could be used to indicate global cosmic rotation.

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