The spectral Einstein functional for the Witten Deformation
Tong Wu, Yong Wang
本文研究Witten变形在无边界的偶维旋量流形上的谱爱因斯坦函数的计算方法与结果。
在本文中，给定两个向量场和Witten变形，我们计算Witten变形在无边界的偶维旋量流形上的谱爱因斯坦函数。
In the paper, given two vector fields and the Witten deformation, we compute the spectral Einstein functional for the Witten deformation on even-dimensional spin manifolds without boundary.
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The goal of this article is to generalise the Witten deformation to even dimensional conic manifolds and a class of functions called admissible Morse functions.
The Kastler-Kalau-Walze type theorems about J-Witten deformation
本文针对J-Witten变形建立Lichnerowicz型公式，并在四维与六维近乘积黎曼旋量流形上证明了带边界和不带边界情形下的Kastler-Kalau-Walze型定理。
We express Witten's deformation of Morse functions using deformation to the normal cone and $C^*$-modules. This allows us to obtain asymptotics of the `large eigenvalues'. Our methods extend to Morse functions along a foliation. We construct the Witten deformation using any generic function on an arbitrary foliation on a compact manifold and establish the compactness of its resolvent. When the foliation has a holonomy invariant transverse measure we show that our result implies Morse inequalities obtained by Connes and Fack in a slightly more general situation.
In this undergraduate thesis, we present an analytical proof of the Morse inequalities for closed smooth $n$-manifolds following Witten's approach. Using techniques from PDE theory, the proof is reduced to study the eigenspaces and eigenvalues of harmonic oscillators on $\mathbb{R}^n$.
Witten deformation and divergence-free symmetric Killing 2-tensors
本研究借助Morse函数与Witten形变方法，推导闭黎曼流形上无散对称Killing $p$-张量空间维数的上界，且给出$p=2$时的显式计算结果。
In this paper, we give a brute-force proof of the Kastler-Kalau-Walze type theorem for $7$-dimensional manifolds with boundary about Witten deformation, and give a theoritic explaination of the gravitational action for $7$ dimensional manifolds with boundary.
We introduce a Witten-Novikov type perturbation $\bar\partial_{\barω}$ of the Dolbeault complex of any complex Kähler manifold, defined by a form $ω$ of type $(1,0)$ with $\partialω=0$. We give an explicit description of the associated index density which shows that it exhibits a nontrivial dependence on $ω$. The heat invariants of lower order are shown to be zero.
The Witten deformation associated to a Morse function on a closed Riemannian manifold, via Rellich-Kato theorem, relates analytically the spectral package of the Riemannian manifold (eigenvalues and eigenforms) to the Morse complex defined by the pair (Morse function, Riemannian metric) coupled with the "multivariable harmonic oscillators" associated to the critical points of the Morse function. We survey this relation and discuss some implications, including the finite subset of the spectral package referred to as the "virtually small spectral package" .
Asymptotic expansions of heat kernels and heat traces of Schrödinger operators on non-compact spaces are rarely explored, and even for cases as simple as $\mathbb{C}^n$ with (quasi-homogeneous) polynomials potentials, it's already very complicated. Motivated by path integral formulation of the heat kernel, we introduced a parabolic distance, which also appeared in Li-Yau's famous work on parabolic Harnack estimate. With the help of the parabolic distance, we derive a pointwise asymptotic expansion of the heat kernel for the Witten Laplacian with strong remainder estimate. When the deformation …
We construct examples of four dimensional manifolds with Spin$^c$-structures, whose moduli spaces of solutions to the Seiberg-Witten equations, represent a non-trivial bordism class of positive dimension, i.e. the Spin$^c$-structures are not induced by almost complex structures. As an application, we show the existence of infinitely many non-homeomorphic compact oriented 4-manifolds with free fundamental group and predetermined Euler characteristic and signature that do not carry Einstein metrics.
Associated with every quaternionic representation of a compact, connected Lie group there is a Seiberg-Witten equation in dimension three. The moduli spaces of solutions to these equations are typically non-compact. We construct Kuranishi models around boundary points of a partially compactified moduli space. The Haydys correspondence identifies such boundary points with Fueter sections - solutions of a non-linear Dirac equation - of the bundle of hyperkähler quotients associated with the quaternionic representation. We discuss when such a Fueter section can be deformed to a solution of the Se…
This is a simple reading report of professor Weiping Zhang's lectures. In this article we will mainly introduce the basic ideas of Witten deformation, which were first introduced by Edward Witten on, and some applications of it. The first part of this article mainly focuses on deformation of Dirac operators and some important analytic facts about the deformed Dirac operators. In the second part of this article some applications of Witten deformation will be given, to be more specific, an analytic proof of Poincar$\acute{e}$-Hopf index theorem and Real Morse Inequilities will be given. Also we …
As is well-known, the Witten deformation of the De Rham complex computes the De Rham cohomology. In this paper we study the Witten deformation on a noncompact manifold and restrict it to differential forms which behave polynomially near infinity. Such polynomial differential forms naturally appear on manifolds with a cylindrical structure. We prove that the cohomology of the Witten deformation acting on the complex of the polynomially growing forms can be computed as the relative cohomology of the manifold with respect to the negative remote fiber of the function. We show that the assumptions …
By using the gluing formulae of the Seiberg-Witten invariant, we show the nonexistence of Einstein metric on manifolds obtained from a 4-manifold with nontrivial Seiberg-Witten invariant by performing sufficiently many connected sums or appropriate surgeries along circles or homologically trivial 2-spheres with closed oriented 4-manifolds with negative definite intersection form.
We construct infinitely many examples of finite volume 4-manifolds with $T^3$ ends that do not admit any cusped asymptotically hyperbolic Einstein metrics yet satisfy a strict logarithmic version of the Hitchin-Thorpe inequality due to Dai-Wei. This is done by using estimates from Seiberg-Witten theory due to LeBrun as well as a method for constructing solutions to the Seiberg-Witten equations on noncompact manifolds due to Biquard. We also use constructions coming from the $Pin^-(2)$ monopole equations to obtain a larger class of manifolds where these techniques apply.
Motivated by the Landau-Ginzburg model, we study the Witten deformation on a noncompact manifold with bounded geometry, together with some tameness condition on the growth of the Morse function $f$ near infinity. We prove that the cohomology of the Witten deformation $d_{Tf}$ acting on the complex of smooth $L^2$ forms is isomorphic to the cohomology of Thom-Smale complex of $f$ as well as the relative cohomology of a certain pair $(M, U)$ for sufficiently large $T$. We establish an Agmon estimate for eigenforms of the Witten Laplacian which plays an essential role in identifying these cohomol…
We show that solutions of the Seiberg-Witten equations lead to non-trivial lower bounds for the L2-norm of the Weyl curvature of a compact Riemannian 4-manifold. These estimates are then used to derive new obstructions to the existence of Einstein metrics. These results considerably refine those previously obtained using scalar-curvature estimates alone.
Let $M$ be a compact Riemannian manifold endowed with an isometric action of a compact Lie group. The method of the Witten deformation is used to compute the virtual representation-valued equivariant index of a transversally elliptic, first order differential operator on $M$. The multiplicities of irreducible representations in the index are expressed in terms of local quantities associated to the isolated singular points of an equivariant bundle map that is locally Clifford multiplication by a Killing vector field near these points.
The Einstein-Maxwell equations on a smooth compact 4-manifold are reformulated as a purely Riemannian variational problem analogous to Calabi's variational problem for extremal Kahler metrics. Next, Seiberg-Witten theory is used to show that these two problems are in fact intimately related. Extremal Kahler metrics are then used to probe the limits of Seiberg-Witten curvature estimates. The article then concludes with a brief survey of some recent results on extremal Kahler metrics.
Seiberg-Witten theory is used to obtain new obstructions to the existence of Einstein metrics on 4-manifolds with conical singularities along an embedded surface. In the present article, the cone angle is required to be of the form 2(pi)/p, where p is a positive integer, but we conjecture that similar results will also hold in greater generality.
Adiabatic limit, Witten deformation and analytic torsion forms
本文研究带平坦复向量丛并被超曲面分割的光滑纤维化，通过绝热极限与 Witten 型形变证明 Bismut–Lott 解析挠率形式的粘合公式，证实 2003 年猜想。
Einstein deformations of Kähler Einstein metrics
该研究探讨了负凯勒-爱因斯坦度量的爱因斯坦变形，通过分析凯勒流形的复几何结构，揭示了变形的二级展开与 $h_1^2$ 和柯德亚-斯梅尔曼括号发散性的关系。
We prove that every Einstein metric on the unit ball B^4 of C^2, asymptotic to the Bergman metric, is equal to it up to a diffeomorphism. We need a solution of Seiberg--Witten equations in this infinite volume setting. Therefore, and more generally, if M^4 is a manifold with a CR-boundary at infinity, an adapted spinc-structure which has a non zero Kronheimer--Mrowka invariant and an asymptotically complex hyperbolic Einstein metric, we produce a solution of Seiberg--Witten equations with an strong exponential decay property.
The notion of coupled Kähler-Einstein metrics was introduced recently by Hultgren-WittNyström. In this paper we discuss deformation of a coupled Kähler-Einstein metrics on a Fano manifold. In particular we obtain a necessary and sufficient condition for a coupled Kähler-Einstein metric to be deformed to another coupled Kähler-Einstein metric for a Fano manifold admitting non-trivial holomorphic vector fields. In addition we also discuss deformation for a coupled Käher-Einstein metric on a Fano manifold when the complex structure varies.
A negative Kähler-Einstein threefold with non-integrable infinitesimal Einstein deformations
该研究构造了一个特殊的典范极化三维簇，其归一化凯勒-爱因斯坦度量存在不可积的无穷小爱因斯坦形变，回答了Dai等人提出的相关推广问题。
We study infinitesimal Einstein deformations on compact flat manifolds and on product manifolds. Moreover, we prove refinements of results by Koiso and Bourguignon which yield obstructions on the existence of infinitesimal Einstein deformations under certain curvature conditions.
In this paper we study the deformation theory of submanifolds characterized by a system of differential forms and provide a criterion for deformations of such submanifolds to be unobstructed. We apply this deformation theory to special Legendrian submanifolds in Sasaki-Einstein manifolds. In general, special Legendrian deformations have the obstruction. However, we show that the deformation space of special Legendrian submanifolds is the intersection of two larger smooth deformation spaces of different types. We also prove that any special Legendrian submanifold admits smooth deformations, whi…
Starting with a compact hyperbolic cone-manifold of dimension n > 2, we study the deformations of the metric in order to get Einstein cone-manifolds. If the singular locus is a closed codimension 2 submanifold and all cone angles are smaller than 2 pi, we show that there is no non-trivial infinitesimal Einstein deformations preserving the cone angles. This result can be interpreted as a higher-dimensional case of the celebrated Hodgson and Kerckhoff's theorem on deformations of hyperbolic 3-cone-manifolds. If all cone angles are smaller than pi, we then give a construction which associates to …
It is shown that the space of infinitesimal deformations of 2k-Einstein structures is finite dimensional at compact non-flat space forms. Moreover, spherical space forms are shown to be rigid in the sense that they are isolated in the corresponding moduli space.
Witten deformation for non-Morse functions and gluing formula for analytic torsions
本文针对非 Morse 函数族提出 Witten 变形的新解析方法，证明解析挠率的粘合公式，并揭示其与 Bismut-Zhang 定理及移动边界问题的联系，为高阶推广奠定基础。
Biconformal deformations take place in the presence of a conformal foliation, deforming by different factors tangent to and orthogonal to the foliation. Four-manifolds endowed with a conformal foliation by surfaces present a natural context to put into effect this process. We develop the tools to calculate the transformation of the Ricci curvature under such deformations and apply our method to construct Einstein $4$-manifolds. One particular family of examples have ends that collapse asymptotically to ${\mathbb R}^2$.
Witten deformation of Ray-Singer analytic torsion
考虑紧致黎曼流形M上的平坦向量丛F，设f是M上的自指标Morse函数。设g是F上的光滑欧氏度量。设g_t=exp（-2tf）g，ρ（t）为F的Ray-Singer解析挠率.假设向量场$grad f$满足Morse-Smale横截性条件，我们给出了t个\to \infty的log（ρ（t））的渐近展开式a_0+ a_1 t +b log（t）+o（1）.我们给出了系数a_0，a_1和b的显式公式。特别是，我们证明了b是一个半整数。
We study the question of the integrability of Einstein deformations and relate it to the question of the desingularization of Einstein metrics. Our main application is a negative answer to the long-standing question of whether or not every Einstein $4$-orbifold (which is an Einstein metric space in a synthetic sense) is limit of smooth Einstein $4$-manifolds. We more precisely show that spherical and hyperbolic $4$-orbifolds with the simplest singularities cannot be Gromov-Hausdorff limits of smooth Einstein $4$-metrics without relying on previous integrability assumptions. For this, we analyz…
It is well-known that every 6-dimensional strictly nearly Kähler manifold $(M,g,J)$ is Einstein with positive scalar curvature $scal>0$. Moreover, one can show that the space $E$ of co-closed primitive (1,1)-forms on $M$ is stable under the Laplace operator $Δ$. Let $E(a)$ denote the $a$-eigenspace of the restriction of $Δ$ to $E$. If $M$ is compact, we prove that the moduli space of infinitesimal Einstein deformations of the nearly Kähler metric $g$ is naturally isomorphic to the direct sum $E(scal/15)\oplus E(scal/5)\oplus E(2scal/5)$. It is known that the last summand is itself isomorphic w…
We obtain a structure theorem for the group of holomorphic automorphisms of a conformally Kähler, Einstein-Maxwell metric, extending the classical results of Matsushima, Licherowicz and Calabi in the Kähler-Einstein, cscK, and extremal Kähler cases. Combined with previous results of LeBrun, Apostolov-Maschler and Futaki-Ono, this completes the classification of the conformally Kähler, Einstein--Maxwell metrics on $\mathbb{CP}^1 \times \mathbb{CP}^1$. We also use our result in order to introduce a (relative) Mabuchi energy in the more general context of $(K, q, a)$-extremal Kähler metrics in a …
This article presents a new and more elementary proof of the main Seiberg-Witten-based obstruction to the existence of Einstein metrics on smooth compact 4-manifolds. It also introduces a new smooth manifold invariant which conveniently encapsulates those aspects of Seiberg-Witten theory most relevant to the study of Riemannian variational problems on 4-manifolds.
On a 4-dimensional compact symplectic manifold, we consider a smooth family of compatible almost-complex structures such that at time zero the induced metric is Hermite-Einstein almost-Kähler metric with zero or negative Hermitian scalar curvature. We prove, under certain hypothesis, the existence of a smooth family of compatible almost-complex structures, diffeomorphic at each time to the initial family, and inducing constant Hermitian scalar curvature metrics.
Symplectic Morse Theory and Witten Deformation
本文在辛流形上引入由Morse函数临界点对生成的Morse型复形，通过Witten形变证明其上同调独立于黎曼度量和Morse函数且与TTY微分形式上同调同构，并得到界定TTY上同调维数的Morse型不等式。
We consider some natural infinitesimal Einstein deformations on Sasakian and 3-Sasakian manifolds. Some of these are infinitesimal deformations of Killing spinors and further some integrate to actual Killing spinor deformations. In particular, on 3-Sasakian 7 manifolds these yield infinitesimal Einstein deformations preserving 2, 1, or none of the 3 independent Killing spinors. Toric 3-Sasakian manifolds provide non-trivial examples with integrable deformation preserving precisely 2 Killing spinors. Thus the dimension of Killing spinors is not preserved under Einstein deformations but is only …
Second order Einstein deformations
研究紧致Riemann与Kähler流形上无穷小Einstein形变到二阶的可积性，提出新的充分必要条件表达式简化Koiso obstruction，并发现复$2$-平面Grassmannian上度量的刚性。
Inhomogeneous deformations of Einstein solvmanifolds
本文针对非平坦单模Ricci孤子可解流形，构造了单参数族的完备扩张梯度Ricci孤子，其轨道为位似超曲面，且度量一端渐近爱因斯坦可解流形，族中恰有一个爱因斯坦度量。
Third order Einstein deformations for Kaehler-Einstein metrics
研究紧致负标量曲率 Kähler 流形上非平凡 Einstein 形变的存在性问题，通过 Cayley 变换显式确定三阶形变的障碍并给出 Maurer-Cartan 型方程和多项式恒等式。
Witten deformation of the analytic torsion and the spectral sequence of a filtration
设F是紧致黎曼流形M上的平坦向量丛，f是Morse函数.设g是F上的光滑欧氏度量，g_t=e^{-2tf}g，ρ（t）是F的Ray-Singer解析挠率.假设向量场grad（f）满足Morse-Smale横截性条件，我们给出了\log（ρ（t））对于t \to + \infty的形式为a_0+ a_1 t + bPDMATHABMM \left（\frac tπ \right）+o（1）的渐近展开式，其中系数b是只依赖于F的Betti数的半整数.在f的所有临界值都是有理数的情况下，我们根据与Morse函数相关联的滤波的谱序列来明确地计算系数a_0和a_1。这些结果是Bismut和Zhang的一个定理的应用。
We use the theory of Berezin-Toeplitz operators of Ma and Marinescu to study the spaces of holomorphic sections of a prequantizing line bundle over compact Kähler manifolds under deformations of the complex structure. We show that the parallel transport in the induced vector bundle over the deformation space behaves like a Toeplitz operator, and compute its first coefficient. We then use this result to establish a semi-classical trace formula for the induced quantization of symplectic maps, and give an application to Witten's asymptotic expansion conjecture for the quantum representations of t…
Starting with a compact hyperbolic cone-manifold of dimension greater than or equal to 3, we study the deformations of the metric with the aim of getting Einstein cone-manifolds. If the singular locus is a closed codimension 2 submanifold and all cone angles are smaller than 2 pi, we show that there is no non-trivial infinitesimal Einstein deformations preserving the cone angles.
Deformations and Einstein metrics I
本文研究由已知爱因斯坦度量通过形变构造新爱因斯坦度量的方法，确定形变因子并依赖于Killing 1-形式的特性，在偶数维流形上提出简单自然条件，仅视度量为二次型。
In this paper, we construct a smooth vector bundle over the deformation to the normal cone $\text{DNC}(V,M)$ through a rescaling of a vector bundle $E\to V$, which generalizes the construction of the spinor rescaled bundle over the tangent groupoid by Nigel Higson and Zelin Yi. We also provide an equivariant version of their construction. As the main application, we recover the Kirillov character formula for the equivariant index of Dirac-type operators. As another application, we get an equivariant generalization of the description of the Witten and the Novikov deformations of the de Rham-Dir…
The eigenvalue problem for the Sen--Witten operator on closed spacelike hypersurfaces is investigated. The (square of its) eigenvalues are shown to be given exactly by the 3-surface integral appearing in the expression of the total energy-momentum of the matter+gravity systems in Witten's energy positivity proof. A sharp lower bound for the eigenvalues, given in terms of the constraint parts of the spacetime Einstein tensor, i.e. the energy and momentum densities of the matter fields, is given.
Einstein Metrics and Mostow Rigidity
利用Seiberg和Witten的新的同态不变量，证明了非紧型不可约四维对称空间的紧向量上的Einstein度量的唯一性定理。证明还产生了一个黎曼版本的宫冈-丘不等式。
In this paper we prove that generic small partial smoothings of Kahler-Einstein (KE) Del Pezzo orbifolds with only nodal singularities, and with no non-zero holomorphic vector fields, admit orbifold KE metrics which are close in the Gromov-Hausdorff sense to the original KE metric.
We construct a family of Kähler-Einstein edge metrics on all Hirzebruch surfaces using the Calabi ansatz and study their angle deformation. This allows us to verify in some special cases a conjecture of Cheltsov-Rubinstein that predicts convergence towards a non-compact Calabi-Yau fibration in the small angle limit. We also give an example of a Kähler-Einstein edge metric whose edge singularity is rigid, answering a question posed by Cheltsov.
We construct new complete Einstein metrics on smoothly bounded strictly pseudoconvex domains in Stein manifolds. This is done by deforming the Kähler-Einstein metric of Cheng and Yau, the approach that generalizes the works of Roth and Biquard on the deformations of the complex hyperbolic metric on the unit ball. Recasting the problem into the question of vanishing of an $L^2$ cohomology and taking advantage of the asymptotic complex hyperbolicity of the Cheng-Yau metric, we establish the possibility of such a deformation when the dimension of the domain is larger than or equal to three.
Conformal deformation of a Riemannian metric via an Einstein-Dirac parabolic flow
本文提出一种基于狄拉克-爱因斯坦泛函的约束梯度流，用于形变自旋流形上的黎曼度量，并证明了光滑解的局部适定性，为爱因斯坦-狄拉克问题研究奠定基础。
In this paper we consider the Hilbert-Einstein-Dirac functional, whose critical points are pairs, metrics-spinors, that satisfy a system coupling the Riemannian and the spinorial part. Under some assumptions, on the sign of the scalar curvature and the diameter, we prove a compactness result for this class of pairs, in dimension three and four. This can be seen as the equivalent of the study of compactness of sequences of Einstein manifolds as in \cite{And0,N}. Indeed, we study the compactness of sequences of critical points of the Hilbert-Einstein-Dirac functional which is an extension of the…
Let $(N,g_{0})$ be a Kahler-Einstein surface with the first Chern class negative and assume that there exists a branched Lagrangian minimal surfaces with respect to the metric $g_{0}$. We show that when the Kahler-Einstein metric is changed in the same component (i.e. the complex structure is changed), the Lagrangian minimal surface can be deformed accordingly. To get the result, we first obtain a theorem on the deformation of the branched minimal surfaces in a complete Riemannian $n$-manifold and also generalize a result of J. Chen and G. Tian on the limit of adjunction numbers.
We prove the existence of Kahler-Einstein metrics on Q-Gorenstein smoothable, K-polystable Q-Fano varieties, and we show how these metrics behave, in the Gromov-Hausdorff sense, under Q-Gorenstein smoothings.
This paper is the the third part of a series of paper whose aim is to use of the framework of \emph{twisted spectral triples} to study conformal geometry from a noncommutive geometric viewpoint. In this paper we reformulate the inequality of Vafa-Witten \cite{VW:CMP84} in the setting of twisted spectral triples. This involves a notion of Poincaré duality for twisted spectral triples. Our main results have various consequences. In particular, we obtain a version in conformal geometry of the original inequality of Vafa-Witten, in the sense of an explicit control of the Vafa-Witten bound under co…
Sandwich operators and Einstein deformations of compact symmetric spaces related to Jordan algebras
本研究通过构造紧李代数的三明治算子、结合若尔当代数分析，解决了两类对称空间的爱因斯坦度量二阶形变问题，证明了多数可无穷小形变的不可约紧对称空间的非线性不稳定性。
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