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arXiv 2501.01488astro-ph.HE
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来自4U 1820-303的光球半径膨胀暴中的谱线探测

Line detections in photospheric radius expansion bursts from 4U 1820-303

F. Barra, D. Barret, C. Pinto, T. Di Salvo, N. Weinberg, S. Guichandut

AI总结:

本文利用NICER重新分析4U 1820-303的12次PRE暴,在亚秒尺度建模连续谱与吸收线,发现多条显著谱线但未证实线能与黑体半径相关。

摘要:

背景:NICER(Neutron star Interior Composition ExploreR,中子星内部成分探测器)是对I型X射线暴进行光谱分析的首选仪器,因为它在X射线CCD分辨率下提供高通量,能量可低至0.3 keV。目的:本研究调查在光球半径膨胀(PRE)暴中探测到的吸收线能量是否与推断出的黑体半径相关。此前的报告提出存在这种相关性,并将其归因于半径较大的暴中较弱的引力红移与较高蓝移的共同作用。方法:分析重新检验了此前研究过的4次PRE暴,并考察了来自4U 1820-303的另外8次显示PRE证据的暴。研究在尽可能短的时间尺度(十分之一秒)上追踪光谱演化,并采用两种平行的连续谱描述来表征光球膨胀和谱线演化。应用吸积增强模型后,推断出的最大黑体半径高达约900 km,且峰值热光度超过氦吸积体的爱丁顿极限。研究使用Monte Carlo模拟评估吸收线的显著性,并利用SPEX中提供的最新等离子体代码结合唯象连续谱来表征光谱线。还通过全面的参数搜索探索Doppler频移,以避免陷入局部极小值。结果:探测到若干显著(>99.9%)的吸收线,包括此前报告的2.97 keV谱线。虽然未证实谱线能量与黑体半径之间存在一致相关性,但半径较大的暴最多呈现4条谱线,且谱线强度更高。建模表明,观测到的谱线主要来自略微红移(几乎处于静止参考系)的光致电离/碰撞电离气体的发射。对于PRE最大的那次暴,模型更倾向于光致电离等离子体同时以发射和吸收形式存在的组合。

英文摘要:

Context: NICER (Neutron star Interior Composition ExploreR) is the instrument of choice for the spectral analysis of type I X-ray bursts, as it provides high throughput at X-ray CCD resolution, down to 0.3 keV. Aims: This study investigates whether the energies of absorption lines detected in photospheric radius expansion (PRE) bursts correlate with the inferred blackbody radius. Previous reports suggested such a correlation, attributed to a combination of weaker gravitational redshift and higher blueshifts in bursts with larger radii. Methods: The analysis reexamines four previously studied PRE bursts and examines eight additional bursts from 4U 1820-303, evidencing PRE. Spectral evolution is tracked on the shortest possible timescales (tenth of a second) adopting two parallel continuum descriptions to characterise the photospheric expansion and line evolution. Applying the accretion-enhanced model, maximum blackbody radii of up to $\sim$ 900 km are inferred, with peak bolometric luminosities exceeding the Eddington limit of an Helium accretor. Absorption lines are assessed for significance using Monte Carlo simulations, and spectral lines are characterised using the state-of-art plasma codes available within {\sc{spex}} with a phenomenological continuum. A thorough parameter search explores Doppler shifts to avoid local minima. Results: Several significant (> 99.9%) absorption lines, including the previously reported 2.97 keV line, are detected. While no consistent correlation between line energies and blackbody radii is confirmed, bursts with larger radii exhibit up to four lines and the line strength is higher. The modelling suggests that the observed lines mostly originate from slightly redshifted (almost rest-frame) photo-/collisionally ionised gas in emission. For the burst with the largest PRE, a combination of photo-ionised plasma in both emission and absorption is preferred.

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