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arXiv 2410.07005astro-ph.HE
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伽马射线暴光球辐射建模:GRB瞬时辐射的蒙特卡罗模拟、数值结果与讨论

Modeling of the Gamma Ray Burst photospheric emission: Monte Carlo simulation of the GRB prompt emission, numerical results and discussion

Amina Trabelsi, Mourad Fouka, Saad Ouichaoui, Amel Belhout

AI总结:

本研究针对GRB瞬时辐射中未被充分理解的热成分,开发蒙特卡罗代码模拟基础与结构化等离子体喷流的光球辐射,验证了数值积分与模拟结果的一致性,发现洛伦兹因子结构对光谱展宽等几何效应起关键作用,拟合结果与典型GRB观测特征匹配。

摘要:

我们对伽马射线暴(GRB)光球辐射模型开展了详细研究,该模型预测的准黑体谱略宽于普朗克函数。该模型是在相对论火球动力学框架下提出的,用于解释费米空间望远镜上的GBM(伽马射线暴监测器)近期观测到的、GRB瞬时辐射中尚未被充分理解的热成分。我们提出了一种蒙特卡罗(MC)代码,用于阐明已设置参数的基础等离子体喷流与结构化等离子体喷流的观测光谱、外流动力学及其几何结构。该代码包含一个模拟部分,用于描述假设为非偏振、非耗散相对论外流的光子传播过程;还有一个数据分析部分,用于探究主要的光球辐射特性,例如模拟的种子光子的能量、到达时间、观测流量以及光球半径。通过数值积分计算后两个可观测量,我们得到的数值与MC模拟结果高度吻合。将Band函数拟合到该方法生成的光子光谱中,我们得到的光子指数最佳拟合值与大多数典型GRB观测光谱的特征值匹配良好,但对应的拟合函数与黑体光谱形态并不一致。我们报告了各类推导结果,将其与先前结果进行对比并展开讨论。结果表明,这些特性对洛伦兹因子的结构极为敏感,洛伦兹因子在决定几何效应的存在与否及强度方面起着关键作用。几何效应表现为模拟光谱的大幅展宽,具有多个峰值能量,这与GRB观测结果一致。研究认为,这些效应与多重康普顿散射共同作用,产生了在极低光子能量处观测到的凸起结构。最后,我们对本工作的未来发展方向进行了展望。

英文摘要:

We have carried out a detailed study of the GRB photospheric emission model predicting a quasi-blackbody spectrum slightly broader than a Planck function. This model was suggested within the relativistic fireball dynamics for interpreting a still not well understood thermal component in the GRB prompt emission, recently observed by the GBM on board the Fermi space telescope. We propose a Monte Carlo (M C) code for elucidating the observed spectrum, the outflow dynamics and its geometry for a basic and a structured plasma jets whose parameters are implemented. The code involves a simulation part describing the photon propagation assuming an unpolarized, non-dissipative relativistic outflow and a data analysis part for exploring main photospheric emission properties such as the energy, arrival time and observed flux of the simulated seed photons and the photospheric radius. Computing the latter two observables by numerical integration, we obtained values very concordant with the M C simulated results. Fitting Band functions to the photon spectra generated by this method, we derived best-fit values of the photon indices matching well those featuring the observed spectra for most typical GRBs, but corresponding to fit functions inconciliable with blackbody spectral shapes. Various derived results are reported, compared to previous ones and discussed. They show to be very sensitive to the structure of the Lorentz factor that plays a crucial role in determining the presence and strength of geometrical effects. The latter manifest themselves by large broadenings of the simulated spectra featured by multiple peak energies consistently with GRB observations. They are assumed, with multiple Compton scattering, to produce bumps pointed out at very low photon energies. Finally, developments of this work are put into perspective.

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