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arXiv 2410.03087astro-ph.SR
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主序前恒星的色球Mg I发射线

Chromospheric Mg I Emission Lines of Pre-Main-Sequence Stars

Mai Yamashita, Yoichi Itoh, Yuhei Takagi

AI总结:

本研究探测主序前(PMS)恒星的Mg I色球发射线,通过分析64颗PMS恒星的高分辨率光谱,发现其色球活动由发电机过程和原行星盘物质吸积共同激活,且无掩星PMS恒星的Mg I发射强度与同罗斯比数的零龄主序恒星相当。

摘要:

为揭示内部结构细节,主序恒星色球活动与罗斯比数的关系已被广泛研究。对于活跃的主序前(PMS)恒星,研究表明应使用光学薄发射线(如Mg I)评估其活动水平。本研究旨在探测PMS恒星的Mg I色球发射线,并确定色球是由发电机过程激活还是由原行星盘的物质吸积激活。我们分析了通过甚大望远镜(VLT)/X-shooter和UVES获得的64颗PMS恒星的高分辨率光学光谱,研究了红外Ca II(8542 Å)和Mg I(8807 Å)发射线。为探测弱色球发射线,我们通过将观测光谱与光球模型光谱比较,确定了PMS恒星的大气参数(有效温度Tₑff和表面重力log g)及掩星程度。从PMS光谱中减去光球模型光谱后,我们探测到Ca II和Mg I为发射线。无掩星的PMS恒星中Mg I发射线的强度与零龄主序(ZAMS)恒星相当(若两类恒星罗斯比数相似),这些PMS恒星的Mg I发射线被认为由与ZAMS恒星类似的发电机过程形成;而有掩星的PMS恒星中Mg I发射线比ZAMS恒星更强,这些天体被认为拥有原行星盘,物质吸积在光球附近产生激波加热色球。PMS恒星的色球不仅由发电机过程激活,还由物质吸积激活。

英文摘要:

To reveal details of the internal structure, the relationship between chromospheric activity and the Rossby number has been extensively examined for main-sequence stars. For active pre-main sequence (PMS) stars, it is suggested that the level of activity be assessed using optically thin emission lines, such as Mg I. We aim to detect Mg I chromospheric emission lines from PMS stars and determine whether the chromosphere is activated by the dynamo process or by mass accretion from protoplanetary disks. We analyzed high-resolution optical spectra of $64\ $PMS stars obtained with Very Large Telescope (VLT)/X-shooter and UVES and examined the infrared Ca II (8542 A) and Mg I (8807 A) emission lines. To detect the weak chromospheric emission lines, we determined the atmospheric parameters ($T_{\rm eff}$ and $\log\ g$) and the degree of veiling of the PMS stars by comparing the observed spectra with photospheric model spectra. After subtracting the photospheric model spectrum from the PMS spectrum, we detected Ca II and Mg I as emission lines. The strengths of the Mg I emission lines in PMS stars with no veiling are comparable to those in zero-age main-sequence (ZAMS) stars if both types of stars have similar Rossby numbers. The Mg I emission lines in these PMS stars are thought to be formed by a dynamo process similar to that in ZAMS stars. In contrast, the Mg I emission lines in PMS stars with veiling are stronger than those in ZAMS stars. These objects are believed to have protoplanetary disks, where mass accretion generates shocks near the photosphere, heating the chromosphere. The chromosphere of PMS stars is activated not only by the dynamo process but also by mass accretion.

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