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arXiv 2409.16992astro-ph.EPastro-ph.IMastro-ph.SR
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用Gaia搜寻亚恒星伴星候选体。I. 介绍GaiaPMEX工具

Searching for substellar companion candidates with Gaia. I. Introducing the GaiaPMEX tool

Flavien Kiefer, Anne-Marie Lagrange, Pascal Rubini, Florian Philipot

AI总结:

本研究提出GaiaPMEX工具,利用Gaia DR3和Hipparcos的天体测量特征(PMa和RUWE)搜寻1-10 au范围内的亚恒星伴星,显著缩小了解空间并有望发现M矮星周围的低质量系外行星。

摘要:

Gaia任务预计将探测到数千颗系外行星,可能使已知系外行星数量至少翻倍。尽管这一收获预计将在2026年前夕发布DR4的天体测量时间序列时实现,但DR3已经是搜寻1 au以外系外行星的宝贵数据库。为此,我们利用从亮源(G<16)的DR3天体测量解中得出的两种天体测量特征来表征多重系统。对于同时被Hipparcos观测的源,我们有自行异常(PMa),以及RUWE中的残差过剩和天体测量过剩噪声(AEN)。这些天体测量特征能够准确测量Gaia观测到的源的天体测量运动,即使存在校准和测量噪声。我们发现它们可以用于识别恒星双星,并暗示存在质量处于行星领域的伴星。我们介绍了一个名为GaiaPMEX的工具,它能够针对给定源,通过由具有特定质量和半长轴(sma)的伴星引起的光心轨道来建模其天体测量特征。通过与DR3和Hipparcos的实际测量值进行比较,GaiaPMEX计算可能伴星质量和sma的置信度图。正如预期的那样,对质量的约束是简并的,但在允许的情况下,结合使用PMa和RUWE可以显著缩小解空间。得益于结合Gaia和Hipparcos,预计行星最常在距离其恒星1-10 au范围内被发现,处于地球到土星轨道的尺度。在此范围内,质量低至0.1 MJup的系外行星更易在距离10 pc以内的M矮星周围被探测到。GaiaPMEX识别出的部分或全部伴星,未来可能使用DR4发布的天体测量时间序列进行表征。

英文摘要:

The Gaia mission is expected to yield the detection of several thousands of exoplanets, perhaps at least doubling the number of known exoplanets. Although the harvest is expected to occur when the astrometric time series will be published with DR4 at the eve of 2026, the DR3 is already a precious database to search for exoplanet beyond 1 au. With this objective, we characterized multiple systems by exploiting two astrometric signatures derived from the DR3 astrometric solution of bright sources (G<16). We have the proper motion anomaly, or PMa, for sources also observed with Hipparcos, and the excess of residuals in the RUWE and the astrometric excess noise (AEN). Those astrometric signatures give an accurate measurement of the astrometric motion of a source seen with Gaia, even in the presence of calibration and measurement noises. We found that they can allow identifying stellar binaries and hint to companions with a mass in the planetary domain. We introduce a tool called GaiaPMEX, that is able, for a given source, to model its astrometric signatures, by a photocenter orbit due to a companion with certain mass and semi-major axis (sma). Comparing to their actual measurements from the DR3 and Hipparcos, GaiaPMEX calculates a confidence map of the possible companion's mass and sma. The constraints on mass are, as expected, degenerate, but when allowed, coupling the use of PMa and RUWE, may significantly narrow the space of solutions. Thanks to combining Gaia and Hipparcos, planets are expected to be most frequently found within 1-10 au from their star, at the scale of Earth-to-Saturn orbits. In this range, exoplanets with mass down to 0.1 MJup are more favorably detected around M-dwarfs closer than 10 pc. Some fraction, if not all, of companions identified with GaiaPMEX may be characterized in the future using the astrometric time series that will be published with the DR4.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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