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arXiv 1806.07899astro-ph.SRastro-ph.EP
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利用Gaia DR2改进中间周期亚恒星伴星的动力学质量约束

Improving dynamical mass constraints for intermediate-period substellar companions using Gaia DR2

Per Calissendorff, Markus Janson

备注：
5 pages, 4 figures. Accepted for publication in A&A 15/06/2018
发表信息：
A&A 615, A149 (2018)
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摘要：

光度和质量之间的关系对于棕矮星和恒星的行星伴星的直接成像研究是至关重要的。原则上，这可以从理论的质光模型中推断出来;然而，这些关系还没有完全校准，因为缺乏亮度和质量都被直接测量的亚恒星伴星。一个值得注意的例外是GJ 758 B，它是一颗褐矮星伴星，在$\sim$ 20 AU的轨道上绕着附近的一颗类太阳恒星运行，它已经被直接成像，并通过主星的径向速度趋势被动态探测到。这使得GJ 758 B的质量约束为42 $^{+19}_{-7}$ $M_{\rm Jup}$。在这里，我们注意到盖亚非常适合进一步限制中间分离伴星（如GJ 758 B）的质量。在这种情况下，关于依巴谷的微分自行$Δμ$的研究特别有用，因为它为轨道曲率的发生提供了一个长时间的基线。通过利用已经确定的轨道参数，我们表明，动力学质量可以进一步限制到$42.4^{+5.6}_{-5.0}\, M_{\rm Jup}$通过盖亚-HIPPARCOS $Δμ$运动。我们比较新的动力学质量估计与亚恒星演化模型，并确认以前的迹象表明，有显着的紧张局势之间的等时线年龄的恒星和同伴，与首选的恒星年龄的$\leq 5$陀螺仪，而同伴只符合非常古老的年龄的$\geq 8$陀螺仪。

英文摘要：

The relationship between luminosity and mass is of fundamental importance for direct imaging studies of brown dwarf and planetary companions to stars. In principle this can be inferred from theoretical mass-luminosity models; however, these relations have not yet been thoroughly calibrated, since there is a lack of substellar companions for which both the brightness and mass have been directly measured. One notable exception is GJ 758 B, a brown dwarf companion in a $\sim$20 AU orbit around a nearby Sun-like star, which has been both directly imaged and dynamically detected through a radial velocity trend in the primary. This has enabled a mass constraint for GJ 758 B of 42$^{+19}_{-7}$ $M_{\rm Jup}$. Here, we note that Gaia is ideally suited for further constraining the mass of intermediate-separation companions such as GJ 758 B. A study of the differential proper motion, $Δμ$, with regards to HIPPARCOS is particularly useful in this context, as it provides a long time baseline for orbital curvature to occur. By exploiting already determined orbital parameters, we show that the dynamical mass can be further constrained to $42.4^{+5.6}_{-5.0}\, M_{\rm Jup}$ through the Gaia-HIPPARCOS $Δμ$ motion. We compare the new dynamical mass estimate with substellar evolutionary models and confirm previous indications that there is significant tension between the isochronal ages of the star and companion, with a preferred stellar age of $\leq 5$ Gyr while the companion is only consistent with very old ages of $\geq 8$ Gyr.

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