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arXiv 0906.1804astro-ph.SRastro-ph.EP
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K矮星BD +14 4559和K巨星HD 240210和BD +20 2457的亚恒星质量伴星

Substellar-mass companions to the K-dwarf BD +14 4559 and the K-giants HD 240210 and BD +20 2457

A. Niedzielski, G. Nowak, M. Adamów, A. Wolszczan

摘要:

我们目前正在进行的宾夕法尼亚州立大学Toru\' n行星搜索(PTPS)与9.2米的霍比-埃伯利望远镜进行的发现亚恒星质量的同伴三颗恒星。K2矮星BD +14 4559有一颗1.5 M的$_{J}$伴星,轨道周期为269天,并显示出非线性的长期径向速度趋势,这表明系统中可能存在另一颗行星质量的天体。K3巨星HD 240210表现出径向速度的变化,需要用多个轨道进行建模,但现有的数据还不足以明确地做到这一点。一个试验性的单行星模型要求一颗6.9 M的$_J$行星绕恒星运行502天。三颗恒星中质量最大的是K 2巨星BD +20 2457,估计质量为2.8 $\pm$ 1.5 M $_\odot$,它有两颗伴星,最小质量分别为21.4 M $_J$和12.5 M $_J$,轨道周期分别为380天和622天。根据轨道的未知倾角,目前非常不确定的恒星质量,以及系统的动力学性质,它可能代表了第一次探测到两个褐矮星质量的伴星围绕着一个巨星。这些天体的存在将对解释所谓的棕矮星沙漠产生影响,棕矮星沙漠已知存在于太阳质量恒星的情况下。

英文摘要:

We present the discovery of substellar-mass companions to three stars by the ongoing Penn State - Toru\' n Planet Search (PTPS) conducted with the 9.2-m Hobby-Eberly Telescope. The K2-dwarf, BD +14 4559, has a 1.5 M$_{J}$ companion with the orbital period of 269 days and shows a non-linear, long-term radial velocity trend, which indicates a possible presence of another planet-mass body in the system. The K3-giant, HD 240210, exhibits radial velocity variations that require modeling with multiple orbits, but the available data are not yet sufficient to do it unambiguously. A tentative, one-planet model calls for a 6.9 M$_J$ planet in a 502-day orbit around the star. The most massive of the three stars, the K2-giant, BD +20 2457, whose estimated mass is 2.8$\pm$1.5 M$_\odot$, has two companions with the respective minimum masses of 21.4 M$_J$ and 12.5 M$_J$ and orbital periods of 380 and 622 days. Depending on the unknown inclinations of the orbits, the currently very uncertain mass of the star, and the dynamical properties of the system, it may represent the first detection of two brown dwarf-mass companions orbiting a giant. The existence of such objects will have consequences for the interpretation of the so-called brown dwarf desert known to exist in the case of solar-mass stars.

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