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arXiv 2409.09476math.OCmath.AP
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带位势热方程的能观性不等式

Observability inequalities for heat equations with potentials

Jiuyi Zhu, Jinping Zhuge

AI总结:

本文研究时变 Lipschitz 位势热方程的能观性不等式,利用位势的空间与时间正则性改进 Carleman 常数,并导出零能控性的定量正则控制及一维最优常数。

摘要:

本文主要研究具有时变 Lipschitz 位势的热方程的能观性不等式。热方程的能观性不等式断言,解的总能量可由局部化在某一子区域内的能量通过一个能观性常数给出上界。对于有界可测位势 $V=V(x,t)$,由 Carleman 估计产生的能观性常数中的因子,目前最佳已知结果为 $\exp(C\\|V\\|_{\infty}^{2/3})$(即使对于不依赖时间的位势也是如此)。本文证明,对于 Lipschitz 位势,该因子可替换为 $\exp(C(\\|\nabla V\\|_{\infty}^{1/2}+\\|\partial_tV\\|_{\infty}^{1/3}))$,从而在某些典型情形下改进了此前的界 $\exp(C\\|V\\|_{\infty}^{2/3})$。作为推论,在此类 Lipschitz 位势下,我们在零能控性问题中获得了定量正则控制。此外,对于带有某种不依赖时间的有界可测位势 $V=V(x)$ 的一维热方程,我们得到了最优能观性常数。

英文摘要:

This paper is mainly concerned with the observability inequalities for heat equations with time-dependent Lipschtiz potentials. The observability inequality for heat equations asserts that the total energy of a solution is bounded above by the energy localized in a subdomain with an observability constant. For a bounded measurable potential $V = V(x,t)$, the factor in the observability constant arising from the Carleman estimate is best known to be $\exp(C\|V\|_{\infty}^{2/3})$ (even for time-independent potentials). In this paper, we show that, for Lipschtiz potentials, this factor can be replaced by $\exp(C(\|\nabla V\|_{\infty}^{1/2} +\|\partial_tV\|_{\infty}^{1/3} ))$, which improves the previous bound $\exp(C\|V\|_{\infty}^{2/3})$ in some typical scenarios. As a consequence, with such a Lipschitz potential, we obtain a quantitative regular control in a null controllability problem. In addition, for the one-dimensional heat equation with some time-independent bounded measurable potential $V = V(x)$, we obtain the optimal observability constant.

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