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arXiv 2501.01258math.APmath.OC
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具有非谐振子的薛定谔方程的定量可观测性

Quantitative observability for the Schrödinger equation with an anharmonic oscillator

Shanlin Huang, Gengsheng Wang, Ming Wang

AI总结:

本文针对具有非谐振子势的薛定谔方程,构造了短时间区间上的定量可观测性不等式,给出观测常数的显式表达,并通过谱不等式、唯一紧性论证及 Szegö 极限定理刻画了可观测集合的几何特征。

摘要:

本文研究与一个非谐振子 $H=-\frac{\d^2}{\d x^2}+|x|$ 相关联的薛定谔方程的可观测性不等式。对于某个与文献 \cite{HWW} 中所讨论的集合具有不同几何结构的可观测集合,我们在任意短的时间区间 $(0,T)$ 上建立了可观测性不等式,并给出了观测常数 $C_{obs}$ 关于 $T$ 的显式表达式。我们分别得到了可观测集合的充分条件和必要条件。我们还给出了反例,以证明半直线不是可观测集合,从而突出表明,与具有 $m\ge 1$ 的薛定谔算子 $H=-\frac{\d^2}{\d x^2}+|x|^{2m}$ 的可观测集合相比,其可观测集合的几何性质存在重大差异。我们的方法基于以下要素:第一,使用本文构造的 Ingham 型谱不等式;第二,采用受 Bourgain-Burq-Zworski \cite{Bour13} 工作启发的定量唯一紧性论证;第三,应用 Toeplitz 矩阵理论中的 Szegö 极限定理,这为证明可观测性不等式的反例提供了一种新的数学工具。

英文摘要:

This paper studies the observability inequalities for the Schrödinger equation associated with an anharmonic oscillator $H=-\frac{\d^2}{\d x^2}+|x|$. We build up the observability inequality over an arbitrarily short time interval $(0,T)$, with an explicit expression for the observation constant $C_{obs}$ in terms of $T$, for some observable set that has a different geometric structure compared to those discussed in \cite{HWW}. We obtain the sufficient conditions and the necessary conditions for observable sets, respectively. We also present counterexamples to demonstrate that half-lines are not observable sets, highlighting a major difference in the geometric properties of observable sets compared to those of Schrödinger operators $H=-\frac{\d^2}{\d x^2}+|x|^{2m}$ with $m\ge 1$. Our approach is based on the following ingredients: First, the use of an Ingham-type spectral inequality constructed in this paper; second, the adaptation of a quantitative unique compactness argument, inspired by the work of Bourgain-Burq-Zworski \cite{Bour13}; third, the application of the Szegö's limit theorem from the theory of Toeplitz matrices, which provides a new mathematical tool for proving counterexamples of observability inequalities.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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