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arXiv 2409.08124astro-ph.SR
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太阳活动区13664的磁场演化

Magnetic Field Evolution of the Solar Active Region 13664

Robert Jarolim, Astrid Veronig, Stefan Purkhart, Peijin Zhang, Matthias Rempel

AI总结:

本研究针对引发2024年强地磁暴的太阳活动区13664,采用基于物理信息神经网络的NF2代码开展三维磁场外推,揭示其磁场演化与耀斑的关联,并公开相关数据集。

摘要:

2024年5月10日至11日,发生了自2003年11月以来最强的地磁暴,其Dst指数峰值达到-412 nT。此次地磁暴由NOAA活动区(AR)13664引发,该活动区是大量日冕物质抛射和耀斑的源头,其中包括12次X级耀斑。从5月7日左右开始,AR 13664的面积和(自由)磁能急剧增加,耀斑活动也随之增强。在本研究中,我们使用基于物理信息神经网络的NF2非线性无力场代码(Jarolim等人,2023年)开展三维磁场外推研究。此外,我们引入矢量势的计算方法以获得无散解。我们对2024年5月5日00:00至5月11日04:36世界时期间、来自SDO/HMI的矢量磁图进行全12分钟时间分辨率的外推,以了解该活动区的磁场演化及其产生的大规模爆发。计算得到的磁能和自由磁能变化与耀斑活动呈现出明确的对应关系。自由磁能区和磁能耗竭区指示了耀斑的起源,且与极紫外波段的观测结果高度吻合。我们的结果表明,模拟得到的太阳耀斑与显著的拓扑重构相关。我们对5月10日的X4.0级耀斑进行了详细分析,结果显示分离磁畴之间的相互作用与大型耀斑事件直接相关。通过本研究,我们提供了AR 13664磁场演化的综合数据集,并将其公开以供进一步分析。

英文摘要:

On 2024 May 10/11, the strongest geomagnetic storm since November 2003 has occurred, with a peak Dst index of -412 nT. The storm was caused by NOAA Active Region (AR) 13664, which was the source of a large number of coronal mass ejections and flares, including 12 X-class flares. Starting from about May 7, AR 13664 showed a steep increase in its size and (free) magnetic energy, along with increased flare activity. In this study, we perform 3D magnetic field extrapolations with the NF2 nonlinear-force free code based on physics informed neural networks (Jarolim et al. 2023). In addition, we introduce the computation of the vector potential to achieve divergence-free solutions. We extrapolate vector magnetograms from SDO/HMI at the full 12 minute cadence from 2024 May 5-00:00 to 11-04:36 UT, in order to understand the active regions magnetic evolution and the large eruptions it produced. The computed change in magnetic energy and free magnetic energy shows a clear correspondence to the flaring activity. Regions of free magnetic energy and depleted magnetic energy indicate the flare origin and are in good correspondence with observations in Extreme Ultraviolet. Our results suggest that the modeled solar flares are related to significant topological reconfigurations. We provide a detailed analysis of the X4.0-class flare on May 10, where we show that the interaction between separated magnetic domains is directly linked to major flaring events. With this study, we provide a comprehensive data set of the magnetic evolution of AR 13664 and make it publicly available for further analysis.

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