类太阳恒星活动区嵌套对亮度变化的放大
Amplification of brightness variability by active-region nesting in solar-like stars
摘要：
开普勒观测发现，数百颗具有接近太阳的基本参数和自转周期的恒星，其亮度变化比太阳更强，更有规律。在这里，我们确定了这些恒星特殊行为的一个可能原因。受太阳活动巢的启发，我们假设这些恒星上活动区（AR）出现的不均匀程度高于太阳。为了验证我们的假设，我们模型恒星的光变曲线注入AR组成的斑点和光斑在恒星表面上以不同的速度和嵌套模式，使用太阳AR属性和差分旋转。我们发现，适度增加的出现频率从太阳值结合嵌套程度的增加可以解释整个范围内的观测到的幅度的变化的太阳类恒星与近太阳自转周期。此外，以活跃星团的形式嵌套，其中AR倾向于出现在由$180^\circ$隔开的两个星团附近，导致高度规则的，几乎正弦的变化模式，而类似于在一些太阳类恒星中观察到的。
英文摘要：
Kepler observations revealed that hundreds of stars with near-solar fundamental parameters and rotation periods have much stronger and more regular brightness variations than the Sun. Here we identify one possible reason for the peculiar behaviour of these stars. Inspired by solar nests of activity, we assume that the degree of inhomogeneity of active-region (AR) emergence on such stars is higher than on the Sun. To test our hypothesis, we model stellar light curves by injecting ARs consisting of spots and faculae on stellar surfaces at various rates and nesting patterns, using solar AR properties and differential rotation. We show that a moderate increase of the emergence frequency from the solar value combined with the increase of the degree of nesting can explain the full range of observed amplitudes of variability of Sun-like stars with nearly the solar rotation period. Furthermore, nesting in the form of active longitudes, in which ARs tend to emerge in the vicinity of two longitudes separated by $180^\circ$, leads to highly regular, almost sine-like variability patterns, rather similar to those observed in a number of solar-like stars.
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