太阳极大年的活动巢：嵌套磁通量浮现如何主导耀斑活动并塑造日球层
Active nests at solar maximum: How nested flux emergence dominated flaring activity and structured the heliosphere
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中文总结 AI 辅助
该研究基于多视角太阳观测，探究第25太阳活动周极大年的活动巢如何主导耀斑活动、塑造日冕与太阳风，揭示其亚表面起源及对太阳活动的调制作用。
中文摘要 AI 辅助
来自近地卫星和欧空局（ESA）太阳轨道器的多视角观测为太阳提供了全局视角，这种连续覆盖对表征活动巢至关重要。我们研究了第25太阳活动周极大年期间活动巢的形成如何影响太阳耀斑活动和大尺度磁场。活动巢通过卡林顿坐标下的持续活动识别，对每个巢，我们监测其光球磁场、极紫外辐射及相关耀斑的演化，并通过势场源表面外推和日冕仪观测探究其对太阳日冕的影响，再将结果与太阳风速和磁场极性的原位测量对比。2024年156天的全局监测显示，近80%的太阳耀斑起源于南半球的三个活动巢；其中两个巢在数月内汇聚，于2024年10月与一次活动爆发碰撞，第三个巢与2024年5月NOAA活动区AR13664的磁通量浮现相关。2024年，嵌套活动区中28%的NOAA活动区为复杂结构，而其他区域仅为16%。2025年1月，两个活动巢从碰撞点浮现，北半球出现新活动巢，这在整个2025年强化了倾斜偶极拓扑。2024年，活动巢调制了全球太阳活动，2025年塑造了日冕和太阳风；通过近连续跟踪分离其耀斑和磁通量浮现率，活动巢的迁移由磁通量浮现驱动，意味着其具有连贯的亚表面起源，且通过锚定日冕磁场，为太阳风连通性研究创造了更有利的源区。
英文摘要
Multi-viewpoint observations from near-Earth satellites and ESA's Solar Orbiter enable a global view of the Sun. This continuous coverage is essential for characterising active nests. We investigated how the formation of active nests during the maximum of solar cycle 25 affected the Sun's flaring activity and large-scale magnetic field. Active nests were identified from their persistent activity in Carrington coordinates. For each nest, we monitored the evolution of their photospheric magnetic field, extreme ultraviolet emission, and associated solar flares. Their impact on the solar corona was explored through potential field source surface extrapolations and coronagraph observations. These results were then compared with in-situ measurements of solar wind speed and magnetic field polarity. During 156 days of global monitoring in 2024, nearly 80% of all solar flares originated from three active nests in the southern hemisphere. Two of the nests converged over several months, colliding with a burst of activity in October 2024. The third nest was linked to the emergence of NOAA active region AR13664 in May 2024. Magnetically complex NOAA active regions were more prevalent within active nests. During 2024, 28% of the 147 nested active regions were complex, compared to just 16% of the 181 regions elsewhere. In January 2025, two active nests emerged from the collision site, and a new active nest appeared in the north. This reinforced a tilted dipole topology throughout 2025. Active nests modulated global solar activity in 2024 and shaped the solar corona and wind in 2025. Nearly continuous tracking was used to isolate their flaring and flux emergence rates. Active nest migration was driven by the emergence of magnetic flux, implying a coherent sub-surface origin. By anchoring the coronal magnetic field, active nests created more favourable source regions for solar wind connectivity studies.
发表机构
- European Space Agency, ESTEC（欧洲航天局，欧洲空间研究与技术中心）
- Université Paris-Saclay, Université Paris Cité, CEA, CNRS, AIM（巴黎萨克雷大学，巴黎西岱大学，法国原子能和替代能源委员会，法国国家科学研究中心，天体物理信息研究所）
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