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arXiv 2408.13844astro-ph.HEastro-ph.SR
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磁星供能在剥离包层超新星中的长期影响:He星爆炸从1年到10年的辐射转移建模

The long-term influence of a magnetar power in stripped-envelope supernovae. Radiative-transfer modeling of He-star explosions from 1 to 10 years

Luc Dessart

AI总结:

本研究通过1D辐射转移模拟,发现磁星供能可显著影响He星爆炸超新星长期观测特征,并成功匹配SN2012au数据,预测红外[NeII]发射。

摘要:

核心坍缩超新星(SNe)中致密残骸的性质引起了广泛关注。限制其性质的一种方法是在爆炸后数年的超新星观测中寻找来自残骸的能量注入的迹象。在本工作中,我们进行了大规模的1D非局部热力学平衡辐射转移计算网格,模拟了在磁星能量注入影响下He星爆炸从爆炸后约1年到10年的演化。我们的超新星观测结果随He星质量、超新星年龄、注入能量或抛射物团块而变化。在高质量情况下,抛射物冷却剂主要是O和Ne,其中[OI]6330A、[OII]7325A和[OIII]5000A在光学波段占主导,而[NeII]12.81微米在红外波段很强——这条谱线可能携带超新星总光度的一半以上。对于较低质量的He星,出现了更多样化的冷却剂,特别是来自Si和Fe丰富区域的Fe、S、Ar或Ni。所有模型的电离度随时间增加,在约10年时二次电离物种(如OIII、NeIII、SIII或FeIII)占主导,尽管如果引入团块,这种电离会显著降低。我们以高能电子或X射线照射形式处理磁星能量,得到了相似的结果——即使在十年后,我们的抛射物中也没有X射线逃逸,因为keV范围内的光学深度很高。我们工作的一个不确定性涉及能量沉积剖面,该剖面无法从第一性原理得知,尽管这个剖面可以通过观测来约束。我们的磁星供能模型he8p00具有中等团块,在约300天(能量为1-2x10^41尔格/秒)和2269天(能量为10^40尔格/秒)时,与Ib型超新星SN2012au的光学和近红外观测结果吻合良好。除非过度电离,我们发现所有大质量磁星供能的抛射物在5-10年时应通过强[NeII]12.81微米谱线发射而在红外波段明亮。

英文摘要:

Much interest surrounds the nature of the compact remnant formed in core collapse supernovae (SNe). One means to constrain its nature is to search for signatures of power injection from the remnant in the SN observables years after explosion. In this work, we conduct a large grid of 1D nonlocal thermodynamic equilibrium radiative transfer calculations of He-star explosions under the influence of magnetar-power injection from post-explosion age of about one to ten years. Our results for SN observables vary with He-star mass, SN age, injected power, or ejecta clumping. At high mass, the ejecta coolants are primarily O and Ne, with [OI]6330A, [OII]7325A, and [OIII]5000A dominating in the optical, and with strong [NeII]12.81micron in the infrared -- this line may carry more than half the total SN luminosity. For lower He-star masses, a greater diversity of coolants appear, in particular Fe, S, Ar, or Ni from the Si- and Fe-rich regions. All models tend to rise in ionization in time, with twice-ionized species (i.e., OIII, NeIII, SIII, or FeIII) dominating at ~10yr, although this ionization is significantly reduced if clumping is introduced. Our treatment of magnetar power in the form of high-energy electrons or X-ray irradiation yields similar results -- no X-rays emerge from our ejecta even at ten years because of high-optical depth in the keV range. An uncertainty of our work concerns the power deposition profile, which is not known from first principles, although this profile could be constrained from observations. Our magnetar-powered model he8p00 with moderate clumping yields a good match to the optical and near-infrared observations of Type Ib SN2012au at both ~300d (power of 1-2x10^41erg/s) and 2269d (power of 10^40erg/s). Unless overly ionized, we find that all massive magnetar-powered ejecta should be infrared luminous at 5-10yr through strong [NeII]12.81micron line emission.

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