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arXiv 2407.09433cs.DS
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拟二部图中流稀疏化的近紧界

Nearly-Tight Bounds for Flow Sparsifiers in Quasi-Bipartite Graphs

Syamantak Das, Nikhil Kumar, Daniel Vaz

AI总结:

本文针对拟二部图构造了规模为 3^{k^3} 的精确流稀疏化器和 2^{k^2} 的精确割稀疏化器,提出基于多面体几何的新技术,并改进有界树宽图的归约定理,得到规模 O(k·w)、质量 O(log w/log log w) 的流稀疏化器。

摘要:

流稀疏化是一种经典的图压缩技术:给定一个在 k 个终端上的带容量图 G,其目标是构造另一个带容量图 H(称为流稀疏化器),使其精确或近似地保持终端之间的所有多商品流(理想情况下,其规模仅为 k 的小函数)。割稀疏化器是流稀疏化器的一种受限变体,仅要求保持终端集合的二部划分之间的最大流。已知精确割稀疏化器需要 2^{Ω(k)} 个顶点 [Krauthgamer and Rika, SODA 2013],其中困难实例为拟二部图,即非终端之间没有边的图。另一方面,最近的研究表明,在仅含 6 个终端的网络上,精确(甚至 (1+ε)-近似)流稀疏化器需要无界规模 [Krauthgamer and Mosenzon, SODA 2023, Chen and Tan, SODA 2024]。\n\n在本文中,我们为拟二部图构造了规模为 3^{k^{3}} 的精确流稀疏化器和规模为 2^{k^2} 的精确割稀疏化器。特别地,这些流稀疏化器是基于收缩的,即它们是通过对输入图进行(顶点)收缩操作得到的。我们的主要贡献是一种构造稀疏化器的新技术,该技术利用了与多面体几何的联系,并且可以推广到具有将图分成小连通分量的小分离子的图。我们还给出了一个针对有界树宽图的改进归约定理 [Andoni et al., SODA 2011],这意味着存在规模为 O(k·w)、质量为 O(log w / log log w) 的流稀疏化器,其中 w 为树宽。

英文摘要:

Flow sparsification is a classic graph compression technique which, given a capacitated graph $G$ on $k$ terminals, aims to construct another capacitated graph $H$, called a flow sparsifier, that preserves, either exactly or approximately, every multicommodity flow between terminals (ideally, with size as a small function of $k$). Cut sparsifiers are a restricted variant of flow sparsifiers which are only required to preserve maximum flows between bipartitions of the terminal set. It is known that exact cut sparsifiers require $2^{Ω(k)}$ many vertices [Krauthgamer and Rika, SODA 2013], with the hard instances being quasi-bipartite graphs, where there are no edges between non-terminals. On the other hand, it has been shown recently that exact (or even $(1+\varepsilon)$-approximate) flow sparsifiers on networks with just 6 terminals require unbounded size [Krauthgamer and Mosenzon, SODA 2023, Chen and Tan, SODA 2024]. In this paper, we construct exact flow sparsifiers of size $3^{k^{3}}$ and exact cut sparsifiers of size $2^{k^2}$ for quasi-bipartite graphs. In particular, the flow sparsifiers are contraction-based, that is, they are obtained from the input graph by (vertex) contraction operations. Our main contribution is a new technique to construct sparsifiers that exploits connections to polyhedral geometry, and that can be generalized to graphs with a small separator that separates the graph into small components. We also give an improved reduction theorem for graphs of bounded treewidth [Andoni et al., SODA 2011], implying a flow sparsifier of size $O(k\cdot w)$ and quality $O\bigl(\frac{\log w}{\log \log w}\bigr)$, where $w$ is the treewidth.

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