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arXiv 2407.08718astro-ph.COastro-ph.IMstat.ME
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精确非高斯弱引力透镜似然:遮蔽高斯随机场上相关函数解析似然计算框架

The exact non-Gaussian weak lensing likelihood: A framework to calculate analytic likelihoods for correlation functions on masked Gaussian random fields

Veronika Oehl, Tilman Tröster

AI总结:

本文提出在任意遮蔽球面高斯随机场上精确计算非高斯弱引力透镜相关函数联合似然的框架,发现其偏度显著,并在简化巡天中使$S_8$后验均值提高约2.5%。

摘要:

我们提出了在任意遮蔽的球面高斯随机场上自相关与互相关函数的精确非高斯联合似然。我们的考虑适用于自旋0和自旋2场,但在此以自旋2弱引力透镜相关函数进行演示。我们论证了该似然不能是高斯分布,并展示了对于任意掩模几何和弯曲天空,以及对于不同角分离区间和红移区间组合,它如何仍能被精确计算。我们将计算分为大尺度和小尺度部分,对小尺度应用了一种计算高效的近似,该近似不改变整体非高斯似然形状。为了将我们的精确似然与相关函数采样分布进行比较,我们模拟了大量包含形状噪声的弱引力透镜图,并发现一维和二维分布均具有极好的一致性。此外,我们将精确似然与广泛使用的高斯似然进行比较,发现在角分离$\gtrsim 1^{\circ}$处存在显著偏度,使得精确分布的模式从均值向相关函数较低值方向偏移。我们发现,在这些角分离处,弱引力透镜场的高斯随机场假设是充分有效的。考虑到非高斯似然的偏度,我们评估了其对$S_8$后验约束的影响。在一个面积为$10 \\ 000 \\ \mathrm{deg}^2$的简化弱引力透镜巡天设置中,我们发现使用非高斯似然时$S_8$的后验均值约高$2.5\\%$,这一偏移与当前III期巡天的精度相当。

英文摘要:

We present exact non-Gaussian joint likelihoods for auto- and cross-correlation functions on arbitrarily masked spherical Gaussian random fields. Our considerations apply to spin-0 as well as spin-2 fields but are demonstrated here for the spin-2 weak-lensing correlation function. We motivate that this likelihood cannot be Gaussian and show how it can nevertheless be calculated exactly for any mask geometry and on a curved sky, as well as jointly for different angular-separation bins and redshift-bin combinations. Splitting our calculation into a large- and small-scale part, we apply a computationally efficient approximation for the small scales that does not alter the overall non-Gaussian likelihood shape. To compare our exact likelihoods to correlation-function sampling distributions, we simulated a large number of weak-lensing maps, including shape noise, and find excellent agreement for one-dimensional as well as two-dimensional distributions. Furthermore, we compare the exact likelihood to the widely employed Gaussian likelihood and find significant levels of skewness at angular separations $\gtrsim 1^{\circ}$, such that the mode of the exact distributions is shifted away from the mean towards lower values of the correlation function. We find that the assumption of a Gaussian random field for the weak-lensing field is well valid at these angular separations. Considering the skewness of the non-Gaussian likelihood, we evaluate its impact on the posterior constraints on $S_8$. On a simplified weak-lensing-survey setup with an area of $10 \ 000 \ \mathrm{deg}^2$, we find that the posterior mean of $S_8$ is around $2.5\%$ higher when using the non-Gaussian likelihood, a shift comparable to the precision of current stage-III surveys.

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