arXiv 2407.084822024-07-24physics.optics

逆向设计的3D激光纳米打印相位掩模版以扩展成像系统的景深

Inverse-designed 3D laser nanoprinted phase masks to extend the depth of field of imaging systems

T. J. Sturges, M. Nyman, S. Kalt, K. Pälsi, P. Hilden, M. Wegener, C. Rockstuhl, A. Shevchenko

AI总结：

针对光学成像中高分辨率导致景深变浅的问题，研究利用逆向设计优化相位掩模版并结合双光子3D激光纳米打印技术制造，使标准显微镜在不损失分辨率的前提下将景深扩展约四倍，实现了同时多平面成像。

摘要：

在光学成像中，实现高分辨率通常以景深变浅为代价。这意味着使用标准显微镜时，物体沿光轴的任何微小移动都会导致图像模糊。为解决这一问题，我们利用逆向设计技术优化了一种相位掩模版，将其插入标准显微镜后，可在不牺牲显微镜分辨率的情况下，将景深扩展约四倍。可微傅里叶光学仿真使我们能够以混合方式快速迭代至优化设计，首先采用无梯度贝叶斯优化，随后进行基于局部梯度的优化。在器件制造方面，使用商用双光子3D激光纳米打印机，结合两步预补偿流程，提供了高制造速度和远优于亚波长的精度。将该相位掩模版集成到显微镜并对选定样本进行光学表征后，我们发现数值预测与测量结果高度一致。该相位掩模版使我们能够对相距一定距离的物体进行同时多平面成像，这是原显微镜无法实现的。

英文摘要：

In optical imaging, achieving high resolution often comes at the expense of a shallow depth of field. This means that when using a standard microscope, any minor movement of the object along the optical axis can cause the image to become blurry. To address this issue, we exploit inverse design techniques to optimise a phase mask which, when inserted into a standard microscope, extends the depth of field by a factor of approximately four without compromising the microscope's resolution. Differentiable Fourier optics simulations allow us to rapidly iterate towards an optimised design in a hybrid fashion, starting with gradient-free Bayesian optimisation and proceeding to a local gradient-based optimisation. To fabricate the device, a commercial two-photon 3D laser nanoprinter is used, in combination with a two-step pre-compensation routine, providing high fabrication speed and much better than subwavelength accuracy. We find excellent agreement between our numerical predictions and the measurements upon integrating the phase mask into a microscope and optically characterising selected samples. The phase mask enables us to conduct simultaneous multiplane imaging of objects separated by distances that cannot be achieved with the original microscope.

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