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arXiv 2404.06008hep-phgr-qc
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$SU(4)_C \times SU(2)_L \times U(1)_R$ 模型中亚稳态弦的暴胀、质子衰变与引力波

Inflation, Proton Decay and Gravitational Waves from Metastable Strings in $SU(4)_C \times SU(2)_L \times U(1)_R$ Model

Waqas Ahmed, Maria Mehmood, Mansoor Ur Rehman, Umer Zubair

AI总结:

该研究在 $SU(4)_C \times SU(2)_L \times U(1)_R$ 模型中提出超对称 $\mu$-混合暴胀,消除磁单极子,产生亚稳态弦及与 PTA 一致的引力波背景,并预测可观测质子衰变。

摘要:

我们在 $SU(4)_C \times SU(2)_L \times U(1)_R$ 规范对称性框架内提出一个现实的超对称 $\mu$-混合暴胀模型,其中对称性破缺 $SU(4)_C \times SU(2)_L \times U(1)_R\rightarrow SU(3)_C\times SU(2)_L \times U(1)_{B-L}\times U(1)_R$ 发生在可观测暴胀之前,有效消除了拓扑稳定的原始磁单极子。暴胀后 $U(1)_{B-L} \times U(1)_R \rightarrow U(1)_Y$ 的后续破缺导致超重亚稳态宇宙弦(CSs)的形成,能够产生与近期 PTA 数据一致的随机引力波背景(SGWB)。此外,标量谱指数 $n_s$ 和张量-标量比 $r$ 与 Planck 2018 观测结果一致。采用重加热和非热轻子生成的协调方案来解释宇宙的观测物质含量。最后,简要讨论了将 $G_{421}$ 嵌入 Pati-Salam 规范对称性 $G_{422}$,预测了在 Hyper Kamiokande 和 DUNE 等设施中可探测的潜在可观测质子衰变率。

英文摘要:

We present a realistic supersymmetric $μ$-hybrid inflation model within the framework of $SU(4)_C \times SU(2)_L \times U(1)_R$ gauge symmetry, wherein the symmetry breaking $SU(4)_C \times SU(2)_L \times U(1)_R\rightarrow SU(3)_C\times SU(2)_L \times U(1)_{B-L}\times U(1)_R$ occurs before observable inflation, effectively eliminating topologically stable primordial monopoles. Subsequent breaking of $U(1)_{B-L} \times U(1)_R \rightarrow U(1)_Y$ after inflation leads to the formation of superheavy metastable cosmic strings (CSs), capable of producing a stochastic gravitational wave background (SGWB) consistent with the recent PTA data. Moreover, the scalar spectral index $n_s$ and the tensor-to-scalar ratio $r$ align with Planck 2018 observations. A consistent scenario for reheating and non-thermal leptogenesis is employed to explain the observed matter content of the universe. Finally, the embedding of $G_{421}$ into the Pati-Salam gauge symmetry $G_{422}$ is briefly discussed, predicting potentially observable proton decay rates detectable at facilities such as Hyper Kamiokande and DUNE.

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