中微子三体暴胀、亚稳宇宙弦和引力波
Sneutrino Tribrid Inflation, Metastable Cosmic Strings and Gravitational Waves
摘要：
本文基于最小超对称标准模型（MSSM）的规范$U(1)_{B-L}$扩展，成功地实现了超中微子三体暴胀模型。一个涉及$B-L$希格斯场和右手中微子的相互作用项有多种用途。其中包括产生右手中微子的重马约拉纳质量，通过跷跷板机制为微小的中微子质量提供解释，再加热和非热leptogenesis的再加热温度低至$10^6$ GeV的现实场景，以及成功实现以右手中微子作为暴胀子的暴胀。有助于避免质子快速衰变的物质宇称作为$U(1)$ $R$ -对称性的$Z_{2}$子群而存在。根据模型参数的选择，产生了以下预测范围的张量与标量比$3 \times 10^{-11}\lesssim r\lesssim 7\times 10^{-4}$（$ 6 \times 10^{-7} \lesssim r \lesssim 0.01 $），以及标量光谱指数$-0.00022 \lesssim dn_s/d\ln k \lesssim -0.0026$（$-0.00014 \lesssim dn_s/d\ln k \lesssim 0.005$）的运行，以及在标量光谱指数$n_s =0.966$的中心值处计算的$B-L$破坏尺度$ 3 \times 10^{14}\lesssim M/ \text{GeV}\lesssim 5 \times 10^{15}$（$ 6 \times 10^{15}\lesssim M/ \text{GeV}\lesssim 2 \times 10^{16}$），由普朗克2018报告。简要讨论了在大统一理论框架下实现亚稳态宇宙弦的可能性。亚稳态宇宙弦网络承认弦张力值在$10^{-8} \lesssim Gμ_s \lesssim 10^{-6}$范围内，并预测随机引力波背景位于最近NANOGrav 12.5年数据的2- $σ$范围内。
英文摘要：
We present a successful realization of sneutrino tribrid inflation model based on a gauged $U(1)_{B-L}$ extension of Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model (MSSM). A single interaction term involving the $B-L$ Higgs field and the right-handed neutrinos serves multiple purposes. These include the generation of heavy Majorana masses for the right-handed neutrinos to provide an explanation for the tiny neutrino masses via the seesaw mechanism, a realistic scenario for reheating and non-thermal leptogenesis with a reheat temperature as low as $10^6$ GeV, and a successful realization of inflation with right-handed sneutrino as the inflaton. The matter parity which helps avoid rapid proton decay survives as a $Z_{2}$ subgroup of a $U(1)$ $R$-symmetry. Depending on the choice of model parameters yields the following predicted range of the tensor to scalar ratio, $3 \times 10^{-11}\lesssim r\lesssim 7\times 10^{-4}$ ($ 6 \times 10^{-7} \lesssim r \lesssim 0.01 $), and the running of the scalar spectral index, $-0.00022 \lesssim dn_s/d\ln k \lesssim -0.0026$ ($-0.00014 \lesssim dn_s/d\ln k \lesssim 0.005$), along with the $B-L$ breaking scale, $ 3 \times 10^{14}\lesssim M/ \text{GeV}\lesssim 5 \times 10^{15}$ ($ 6 \times 10^{15}\lesssim M/ \text{GeV}\lesssim 2 \times 10^{16}$), calculated at the central value of the scalar spectral index, $n_s =0.966$, reported by Planck 2018. The possibility of realizing metastable cosmic strings in a grand unified theory setup is briefly discussed. The metastable cosmic string network admits string tension values in the range $10^{-8} \lesssim Gμ_s \lesssim 10^{-6}$, and predicts a stochastic gravitational wave background lying within the 2-$σ$ bounds of the recent NANOGrav 12.5-yr data.
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