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arXiv 2403.07641math.AP
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具有指数非线性的实数平面中变号气泡解

Sign-changing bubbling solutions for an exponential nonlinearity in $\mathbb{R}^2$

College of Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University(南京农业大学理学院)

Yibin Zhang

AI总结:

本文研究了在有界光滑平面域Ω中,针对边界值问题-Δu=λu|u|^{p-2}e^{|u|^p},在0<p<2和λ>0的小参数下,构造了正或变号解以及任意m个孤立气泡解,并探讨了能量展开收敛性及节点线与边界交点的条件。

摘要:

与Deng-Musso在[26]中的扰动技术不同,我们利用C^1稳定的临界点假设,构造了在有界光滑平面域Ω中,对于边界值问题-Δu=λu|u|^{p-2}e^{|u|^p},在0<p<2和λ>0的小参数下,具有任意m个孤立气泡的正或变号解。我们构建了一阶和二阶消失恒等式,证明对于任何0<p<1,这些气泡解的精细能量展开总是从下方收敛到4πm,但对于任何1<p<2,能量总是从上方收敛到4πm,后者情况重现了De Marchis-Malchiodi-Martinazzi-Thizy在[32]中的结果,该结果仅针对正气泡解在任何临界能量水平4πm处的集中和紧性性质。我们找到了这些变号解的节点线与域边界的交点的充分条件。此外,对于足够小的λ,当Ω为任意有界域时,该问题不仅至少有两个配对的气泡解,其变号恰好一次且节点线与边界相交,还存在一个变号恰好两次或三次的气泡解;当Ω具有轴对称性时,该问题还存在一个沿对称轴交替变号任意多次的气泡解。

英文摘要:

Very differently from those perturbative techniques of Deng-Musso in [27], we use the assumption of a $C^1$-stable critical point to construct positive or sign-changing solutions with arbitrary $m$ isolated bubbles to the boundary value problem $-Δu=λu|u|^{p-2}e^{|u|^p}$ under homogeneous Dirichlet boundary condition in a bounded, smooth planar domain $Ω$, when $0<p<2$ and $λ>0$ is a small but free parameter. We build a vanishing identity of first order and an identity of second order to prove that for any $0<p<1$ the delicate energy expansion of these bubbling solutions always converges to $4πm$ from below, but for any $1<p<2$ the energy always converges to $4πm$ from above, where the latter case sharply recurs a result of De Marchis-Malchiodi-Martinazzi-Thizy in [33] involving concentration and compactness properties at any critical energy level $4πm$ only for positive bubbling solutions. A sufficient condition on the intersection between the nodal line of these sign-changing solutions and the boundary of the domain is founded. Moreover, for $λ$ small enough, we prove that when $Ω$ is an arbitrary bounded domain, this problem has not only at least two pairs of bubbling solutions which change sign exactly once and whose nodal lines intersect the boundary, but also a bubbling solution which changes sign exactly twice or three times; when $Ω$ has an axial symmetry, this problem has a bubbling solution which alternately changes sign arbitrarily many times along the axis of symmetry through the domain.

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